Blog Information

• Posted By : vickong pun
• Posted On : Jul 11, 2021
• Views : 120
• Category : Education
• Description : 早期發現口腔癌，原來並不難（人人都需要的自檢術）
  
  
              

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
              

  
              

  
                  

  
                      最近，又一名影視明星因癌症去世。他的聲音曾陪伴着一代人的成長，他的離去又讓這一代人感到悲傷。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      悲傷之餘，很多人都在反思如何讓自己的身體更健康——其實，早期發現疾病很重要。對於口腔癌來說，也一樣。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      https://www.hospitalzh.com/uploads/allimg/2020/9/YRjmQn.jpeg" style="" />

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      https://www.hospitalzh.com/ycbj/ykts/">口腔癌早期通常沒有癥狀——你根本感覺不到自己生病，而且很多口腔癌的危險因素都是可以避免的。因此，我們需要從預防口腔癌和提早發現口腔癌的角度出發，最大程度地避免口腔癌。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                   class="_135editor" data-color="rgb(12, 137, 24)" data-id="89226" style="border: 0px none;box-sizing: border-box;">
                      

  
                          

  
                              預防口腔癌

  
                          

  
                              

  
                                  

  
                              

  
                                  

  
                          

  
                      

  
                  

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      以下這些是導致口腔癌發生的危險因素：

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      
                          

  
                              吸煙：

  
                          

  
                              

  
                      
                      
                          

  
                              酗酒：

  
                      
                  

  
                  

  
                      疾控中心定義酗酒為每天飲酒超過兩個標準杯（男士）或一個標準杯（女士）。

  
                  

  
                      （標準杯—指任何飲料含有大致相當量的乙醇（克）。在英國採用的是單位，1單位的酒精飲料約含乙醇8～9克。在北美洲1標準杯含乙醇12克。）

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      3. 反覆暴露在太陽光下：

  
                  

  
                      反覆暴露在太陽光下可能會導致唇癌，也會增加病毒感染風險。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      4.日常膳食中水果蔬菜的食用偏少

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      如果以前得過口腔癌，暴露在以上危險因素中，癌症極有可能複發。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                          

  
                              口腔癌的預警信號

  
                          

  
                              

  
                                  

  
                              

  
                                  

  
                          

  
                      

  
                  

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      如有以下情形，就要當心了：

  
                  

  
                      
                          

  
                              口腔組織變化（紅色/白色斑塊，異常紋理）

  
                      
                      
                          

  
                              頑固性口腔潰瘍

  
                      
                      
                          

  
                              吞咽困難

  
                      
                      
                          

  
                              慢性咽喉炎

  
                      
                      
                          

  
                              頸部腫塊（特別是沒有感覺的腫塊）

  
                          

  
                              
  
                              圖為鱗狀細胞癌三期患者

  
                          

  
                              表現為嗓音沙啞，頸部突然出現了腫塊。

  
                      
                  
                  

  
                      

  
                  
  
                      
                          

  
                              口腔或耳部疼痛

  
                      
                  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  
  
                      
  
                          
  
                              如何自檢口腔癌？
  
                          
  
                              
  
                                  
  
                              
  
                                  
  
                          
  
                      
  
                  
  
                  

  
                      

  
                  
  
                      
  
                          
  
                              
  
                                  
  
                                      1
  
                              
  
                          
  
                          
  
                              口腔外部（面部和頸部）
  
                      
  
                  
  
                  

  
                      

  
                  
  
                      
                          

  
                              自檢目標：腫塊和紋理

  
                      
                      
                          

  
                              檢查方式：用力下壓直至觸摸到深處的節點

  
                      
                      
                          

  
                              發現異常：看口腔頜面外科或者口腔頜面頭頸腫瘤科

  
                      
                      
                          

  
                              檢查步驟：

  
                      
                  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      1-下頜連接處：張閉口

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      2-從耳後開始沿着頸部往下觸摸

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      3-側頸部肌肉（SideNeck Muscle，簡稱SCM):下巴右轉，觸摸左側肌肉；下巴左轉，觸摸右側肌肉。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      4-用手捏住食管，做吞咽動作

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      5-下巴向後收：掌心向上，手指內側對着自己，手指勾住下頜骨，觸摸四周。
  
                      

  
                  

  
                      6-抓住鎖骨：檢查鎖骨弓部

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  
  
                      
  
                          
  
                              
  
                                  
  
                                      2
  
                              
  
                          
  
                          
  
                              口腔內部（嘴巴裏面）
  
                      
  
                  
  
                  
  
                      
                          

  
                              自檢準備：

  
                          

  
                              1.充足的光線（手電筒）

  
                          

  
                              2.毛巾或紗布（用來拽出舌頭）

  
                      
                  
                  

  
                      

  
                  
  
                      
                          

  
                              尋找目標：色差、組織結構變化、損傷和腫塊

  
                          

  
                              

  
                      
                      
                          

  
                              檢查方式：觀察異常，包括

  
                          

  
                              1-口腔底*  

  
                          

  
                              2-口腔頂  

  
                          

  
                              3-兩頰  

  
                          

  
                              4-雙唇  

  
                          

  
                              5-舌頭*  

  
                          

  
                              6- 咽喉後部    

  
                          

  
                              *檢查舌頭和口腔底時需要格外仔細。這兩處病變佔據癌變的60%。

  
                          

  
                              

  
                      
                      
                          

  
                              發現異常：給異常部位拍照，並預約看牙醫

  
                          

  
                              

  
                      
                  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  
  
                      
  
                          
  
                              口腔癌篩查六個步驟
  
                          
  
                              
  
                                  
  
                              
  
                                  
  
                          
  
                      
  
                  
  
                  

  
                      

  
                  第一步： 用紗布擦拭舌頭
                  

  
                      
  
                      

  
                  

  
                      盡可能伸長舌頭，檢查兩側和背面是否有白色或紅色斑塊，觸摸舌頭上是否有腫塊。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      注意：上述部位是非吸煙人群患口腔癌最常見的癌變部位。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      第二步：檢查嘴唇和頰黏膜

  
                  

  
                      
  
                        

  
                  

  
                      檢查上述部位是否有腫塊或異常突起，是否有異常的白色或紅色區域。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  第三步：雙位探查
                  

  
                      
  
                        

  
                  

  
                      雙手同時從口腔底的頂部和底部檢查是否有腫塊，並檢查上述部位是否有白色或紅色斑紋。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  第四步：撓上顎
                  

  
                      
  
                        

  
                  

  
                      檢查口腔頂部是否有腫塊，硬齶上是否有軟化區域，檢查上述部位是否有白色或紅色斑紋。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  第五步：撫摸頸部
                  

  
                      
  
                        

  
                  

  
                      如在頸部觸及增大的淋巴結，表明可能有更嚴重的疾病。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  第六步：檢查扁桃體
  
              
  
                  
  
              
  
                  用口鏡壓住舌頭，檢查扁桃體是否對稱，是否增大、變紅或有異常突起。
  
              
  
                  
  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                          

  
                              口腔癌篩查小知識

  
                          

  
                              

  
                                  

  
                              

  
                                  

  
                          

  
                      

  
                  

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      除了以上的這些口腔癌自檢的方法，關於口腔癌篩查的小知識，你知道多少？

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                          

  
                              

  
                                  

  
                                      1

  
                              

  
                          

  
                          

  
                              應該至少一年做一次口腔癌篩查

  
                      

  
                  

  
                  

  
                      我們建議成年人至少一年做一次口腔癌篩查。這樣做，可以在早期發現癌症，幫助癌症患者康復，並防止病情加重。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                          

  
                              

  
                                  

  
              

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
              

  
              

  
                  

  
                      最近，又一名影視明星因癌症去世。他的聲音曾陪伴着一代人的成長，他的離去又讓這一代人感到悲傷。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      悲傷之餘，很多人都在反思如何讓自己的身體更健康——其實，早期發現疾病很重要。對於口腔癌來說，也一樣。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      口腔癌早期通常沒有癥狀——你根本感覺不到自己生病，而且很多口腔癌的危險因素都是可以避免的。因此，我們需要從預防口腔癌和提早發現口腔癌的角度出發，最大程度地避免口腔癌。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                          

  
                              預防口腔癌

  
                          

  
                              

  
                                  

  
                              

  
                                  

  
                          

  
                      

  
                  

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      以下這些是導致口腔癌發生的危險因素：

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      
                          

  
                              吸煙：

  
                          

  
                              

  
                      
                      
                          

  
                              酗酒：

  
                      
                  

  
                  

  
                      疾控中心定義酗酒為每天飲酒超過兩個標準杯（男士）或一個標準杯（女士）。

  
                  

  
                      （標準杯—指任何飲料含有大致相當量的乙醇（克）。在英國採用的是單位，1單位的酒精飲料約含乙醇8～9克。在北美洲1標準杯含乙醇12克。）

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      3. 反覆暴露在太陽光下：

  
                  

  
                      反覆暴露在太陽光下可能會導致唇癌，也會增加病毒感染風險。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      4.日常膳食中水果蔬菜的食用偏少

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      如果以前得過口腔癌，暴露在以上危險因素中，癌症極有可能複發。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                          

  
                              口腔癌的預警信號

  
                          

  
                              

  
                                  

  
                              

  
                                  

  
                          

  
                      

  
                  

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      如有以下情形，就要當心了：

  
                  

  
                      
                          

  
                              口腔組織變化（紅色/白色斑塊，異常紋理）

  
                      
                      
                          

  
                              頑固性口腔潰瘍

  
                      
                      
                          

  
                              吞咽困難

  
                      
                      
                          

  
                              慢性咽喉炎

  
                      
                      
                          

  
                              頸部腫塊（特別是沒有感覺的腫塊）

  
                          

  
                              
  
                              圖為鱗狀細胞癌三期患者

  
                          

  
                              表現為嗓音沙啞，頸部突然出現了腫塊。

  
                      
                  
                  

  
                      

  
                  
  
                      
                          

  
                              口腔或耳部疼痛

  
                      
                  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  
  
                      
  
                          
  
                              如何自檢口腔癌？
  
                          
  
                              
  
                                  
  
                              
  
                                  
  
                          
  
                      
  
                  
  
                  

  
                      

  
                  
  
                      
  
                          
  
                              
  
                                  
  
                                      1
  
                              
  
                          
  
                          
  
                              口腔外部（面部和頸部）
  
                      
  
                  
  
                  

  
                      

  
                  
  
                      
                          

  
                              自檢目標：腫塊和紋理

  
                      
                      
                          

  
                              檢查方式：用力下壓直至觸摸到深處的節點

  
                      
                      
                          

  
                              發現異常：看口腔頜面外科或者口腔頜面頭頸腫瘤科

  
                      
                      
                          

  
                              檢查步驟：

  
                      
                  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      1-下頜連接處：張閉口

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      2-從耳後開始沿着頸部往下觸摸

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      3-側頸部肌肉（SideNeck Muscle，簡稱SCM):下巴右轉，觸摸左側肌肉；下巴左轉，觸摸右側肌肉。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      4-用手捏住食管，做吞咽動作

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      5-下巴向後收：掌心向上，手指內側對着自己，手指勾住下頜骨，觸摸四周。
  
                      

  
                  

  
                      6-抓住鎖骨：檢查鎖骨弓部

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  
  
                      
  
                          
  
                              
  
                                  
  
                                      2
  
                              
  
                          
  
                          
  
                              口腔內部（嘴巴裏面）
  
                      
  
                  
  
                  
  
                      
                          

  
                              自檢準備：

  
                          

  
                              1.充足的光線（手電筒）

  
                          

  
                              2.毛巾或紗布（用來拽出舌頭）

  
                      
                  
                  

  
                      

  
                  
  
                      
                          

  
                              尋找目標：色差、組織結構變化、損傷和腫塊

  
                          

  
                              

  
                      
                      
                          

  
                              檢查方式：觀察異常，包括

  
                          

  
                              1-口腔底*  

  
                          

  
                              2-口腔頂  

  
                          

  
                              3-兩頰  

  
                          

  
                              4-雙唇  

  
                          

  
                              5-舌頭*  

  
                          

  
                              6- 咽喉後部    

  
                          

  
                              *檢查舌頭和口腔底時需要格外仔細。這兩處病變佔據癌變的60%。

  
                          

  
                              

  
                      
                      
                          

  
                              發現異常：給異常部位拍照，並預約看牙醫

  
                          

  
                              

  
                      
                  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  
  
                      
  
                          
  
                              口腔癌篩查六個步驟
  
                          
  
                              
  
                                  
  
                              
  
                                  
  
                          
  
                      
  
                  
  
                  

  
                      

  
                  第一步： 用紗布擦拭舌頭
                  

  
                      
  
                      

  
                  

  
                      盡可能伸長舌頭，檢查兩側和背面是否有白色或紅色斑塊，觸摸舌頭上是否有腫塊。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      注意：上述部位是非吸煙人群患口腔癌最常見的癌變部位。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      第二步：檢查嘴唇和頰黏膜

  
                  

  
                      
  
                        

  
                  

  
                      檢查上述部位是否有腫塊或異常突起，是否有異常的白色或紅色區域。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  第三步：雙位探查
                  

  
                      
  
                        

  
                  

  
                      雙手同時從口腔底的頂部和底部檢查是否有腫塊，並檢查上述部位是否有白色或紅色斑紋。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  第四步：撓上顎
                  

  
                      
  
                        

  
                  

  
                      檢查口腔頂部是否有腫塊，硬齶上是否有軟化區域，檢查上述部位是否有白色或紅色斑紋。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  第五步：撫摸頸部
                  

  
                      
  
                        

  
                  

  
                      如在頸部觸及增大的淋巴結，表明可能有更嚴重的疾病。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  第六步：檢查扁桃體

  
              

  
                  

  
              

  
                  用口鏡壓住舌頭，檢查扁桃體是否對稱，是否增大、變紅或有異常突起。

  
              

  
                  
  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                          

  
                              口腔癌篩查小知識

  
                          

  
                              

  
                                  

  
                              

  
                                  

  
                          

  
                      

  
                  

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      除了以上的這些口腔癌自檢的方法，關於口腔癌篩查的小知識，你知道多少？

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                          

  
                              

  
                                  

  
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                              應該至少一年做一次口腔癌篩查

  
                      

  
                  

  
                  

  
                      我們建議成年人至少一年做一次口腔癌篩查。這樣做，可以在早期發現癌症，幫助癌症患者康復，並防止病情加重。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                          

  
                              

  
                                  

  
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                              出現口腔疼痛且兩周未愈，那麼需要進行口腔癌篩查

  
                      

  
                  

  
                  

  
                      若患有口腔癌，身體可能發出以下危險信號：兩周未愈的口腔疼痛或者潰瘍；短期內體重迅速下降；聲音發生改變（嘶啞）；有無法解釋的口腔出血現象。如果有上述癥狀之一，請立即預約檢查。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                          

  
                              

  
                                  

  
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                              口腔癌篩查為體檢項目之一

  
                      

  
                  

  
                  

  
                      建議成年人和孩子要每年做1-2次全面的牙齒檢查。在檢查過程中，醫生會分析是否可能存在健康隱患，包括齲齒、顳下頜關節紊亂、磨牙症、牙周疾病和癌症。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                          

  
                              

  
                                  

  
                                      4

  
                              

  
                          

  
                          

  
                              早期治療可能將生存率提高到80%

  
                      

  
                  

  
                  

  
                      對於絕大多數疾病而言，治療應該在早期開始進行。一旦病症惡化，治癒的幾率就會減小。

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      

  
                  

  
                      做好口腔癌自檢

  
                  

  
                      細心留意每一個細節

  
                  

  
                      可能會讓你避免一個大“災害”