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Fertility is defined as the natural capacity to conceive a child. However, fertility does not come easily to everyone. About 11% of couples will face infertility—the inability to conceive naturally after one year of unprotected sexual intercourse.
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Fertility is not only a female health issue. Both men and women can experience infertility, and both men and women can take steps to improve their fertility.
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Here's a look at what you and your partner can do to improve your fertility, increase the odds that you’ll conceive quickly, and reduce your risk of infertility.
Fertility clinic in Delhi Road sector 14
Signs of a Fertility Problem
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It’s common for a couple to only discover they have a fertility issue after they have tried to get pregnant unsuccessfully for a year. Many causes of infertility are “silent” and don’t have obvious symptoms. However, the following signs might indicate a fertility problem and may signal a call to your doctor:
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- You are age 35 or older, and you've been trying get pregnant for six months.
- You're younger than 35 and have had unprotected sexual intercourse for one year without getting pregnant.
- You have had two or more successive pregnancy losses.
- You have any risk factors for infertility.
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The most common symptoms of a fertility problem are:
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- Irregular menstrual cycles
- Unusually light or heavy bleeding and bad menstrual cramps
- Unusually heavy periods or abnormal menstrual bleeding
- Pelvic pain or pain during sexual intercourse
- Sexual dysfunction (including erectile dysfunction or low libido)
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Causes of Infertility
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Some factors that may reduce your fertility are things that you can control. For example, smoking reduces fertility in men and women, so quitting is advised (for this and, of course, many other reasons).
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Other causes for reduced fertility are not within your control—for example, age-related fertility decline. Here is a closer look at some causes of reduced fertility or infertility:
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Age
Female fertility peaks in a woman’s early to mid-20s, and after age 35, it starts to rapidly decline. Male fertility also goes down with age, though not as dramatically. While some men are still fertile after age 50, women after menopause are completely infertile.
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Chronic Diseases
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Even if a disease is not directly related to the reproductive system, it can still impact fertility. Several chronic diseases, along with their treatments, can lead to fertility problems in women and men, including:
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- Diabetes
- Hypothyroidism
- Periodontal disease
- Untreated celiac disease
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Hormonal Imbalances or Diseases of the Reproductive System
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Hormonal imbalances in both men and women can reduce fertility or even cause infertility. For example, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, and premature ovarian failure (also known as primary ovarian insufficiency) can lead to female infertility. Low testosterone can lead to male infertility.
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Infection of the Reproductive Tract
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Both men and women can become infertile after a reproductive tract infection. The most common cause of these infections is sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). In women, this can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).3 Men can also become infertile after contracting an STD. However, not all reproductive tract infections are caused by STDs. For example, some medical procedures can cause an infection.
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Medication Side Effects
Some medications may reduce fertility in men and women, including:
- Allergy medications, which may dry up cervical mucus
- Antidepressants, which may cause fertility problems for men
- Certain types of cancer treatment (radiation therapy near reproductive organs)
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Obesity
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Obesity is one of the leading causes of preventable infertility. Even being slightly overweight can reduce female fertility.4 Obesity can cause ovulation problems in women and may reduce sperm health in men.
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Reproductive Tract Blockages or Abnormalities
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Problems with the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or uterus can cause fertility problems for women. Issues with the testes, vas deferens, prostate gland, or seminal vesicles can cause problems for male fertility. Blockages or abnormalities may be present from birth (congenital abnormalities), the result of an injury or medical procedures, or occur after a disease or infection. Most commonly, blockages are caused by adhesions (scar tissue).
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Many people are unaware that they have these conditions. They may cause no symptoms and go undetected during routine medical visits. But specialized fertility testing can uncover them.
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Unhealthy Lifestyle Habits
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Smoking, excessive drinking, and recreational drugs can reduce fertility. This is true for men and women. Less dramatically, more common unhealthy lifestyle habits like not getting enough sleep, too much stress, and eating an unhealthy diet may slightly reduce your fertility
Fertility clinic in Delhi Road sector 14.
Unexplained Infertility
About one in four couples never find out why they can’t conceive. This is known as unexplained infertility.
Fertility clinic in Delhi Road sector 14