[u">Паки[/u">[u">77.8[/u">[u">PERF[/u">[u">Bett[/u">[u">Perv[/u">[u">Tony[/u">[u">Laur[/u">[u">Comp[/u">[u">Bonu[/u">[u">Char[/u">[u">Deni[/u">[u">орга[/u">[u">Стар[/u">[u">Tesc[/u">[u">Mari[/u">[u">Tesc[/u">[u">Ekel[/u">[u">Разг[/u">[u">Росс[/u">[u">Свор[/u">[u">Попо[/u">[u">Some[/u">[u">Tesc[/u">[u">Rond[/u"> [u">Clas[/u">[u">Мить[/u">[u">Cart[/u">[u">Дырд[/u">[u">Матю[/u">[u">Туга[/u">[u">Your[/u">[u">Хими[/u">[u">Бутр[/u">[u">What[/u">[u">Shop[/u">[u">дети[/u">[u">XVII[/u">[u">чело[/u">[u">Juli[/u">[u">Павл[/u">[u">Gugl[/u">[u">346-[/u">[u">Росс[/u">[u">Tesc[/u">[u">Корш[/u">[u">Anni[/u">[u">Raja[/u">[u">Вейн[/u"> [u">серт[/u">[u">Fran[/u">[u">ВИЕр[/u">[u">Буди[/u">[u">чита[/u">[u">Гере[/u">[u">Мотр[/u">[u">XVII[/u">[u">стат[/u">[u">Sela[/u">[u">Barb[/u">[u">Garc[/u">[u">Lieb[/u">[u">Диам[/u">[u">Mako[/u">[u">Земс[/u">[u">Чурк[/u">[u">Jean[/u">[u">Guil[/u">[u">SieL[/u">[u">Andr[/u">[u">знач[/u">[u">Dima[/u">[u">PALI[/u"> [u">Modo[/u">[u">Lowl[/u">[u">Vent[/u">[u">иску[/u">[u">Spid[/u">[u">сето[/u">[u">Osir[/u">[u">Zone[/u">[u">diam[/u">[u">Calv[/u">[u">Викт[/u">[u">Fand[/u">[u">Harl[/u">[u">Звер[/u">[u">равн[/u">[u">Соде[/u">[u">Свет[/u">[u">Чума[/u">[u">XVII[/u">[u">Micr[/u">[u">Sodo[/u">[u">Zone[/u">[u">Soll[/u">[u">Томи[/u"> [u">часо[/u">[u">Zone[/u">[u">3110[/u">[u">Zone[/u">[u">Zone[/u">[u">меня[/u">[u">Zone[/u">[u">Zone[/u">[u">Zone[/u">[u">Zone[/u">[u">Zone[/u">[u">Zone[/u">[u">diam[/u">[u">Zone[/u">[u">Zone[/u">[u">LAPI[/u">[u">Zone[/u">[u">Zone[/u">[u">Zone[/u">[u">Zone[/u">[u">Клей[/u">[u">фарф[/u">[u">Merl[/u">[u">цело[/u"> [u">Niko[/u">[u">Прои[/u">[u">Agne[/u">[u">Book[/u">[u">Trud[/u">[u">Book[/u">[u">серт[/u">[u">2009[/u">[u">Туту[/u">[u">Befl[/u">[u">PETE[/u">[u">Proq[/u">[u">Befl[/u">[u">ABL0[/u">[u">хоро[/u">[u">Росс[/u">[u">преп[/u">[u">Lati[/u">[u">Frat[/u">[u">Vali[/u">[u">пазл[/u">[u">камн[/u">[u">тема[/u">[u">синт[/u"> [u">WTCC[/u">[u">Visu[/u">[u">мене[/u">[u">Wind[/u">[u">132-[/u">[u">Zelm[/u">[u">серт[/u">[u">Puma[/u">[u">боль[/u">[u">Nich[/u">[u">Звер[/u">[u">ЛитР[/u">[u">Маля[/u">[u">Visi[/u">[u">ЛитР[/u">[u">Agat[/u">[u">ЛитР[/u">[u">Jewe[/u">[u">Хари[/u">[u">Руте[/u">[u">Кова[/u">[u">Боло[/u">[u">выну[/u">[u">друг[/u"> [u">Лест[/u">[u">Анто[/u">[u">Rabi[/u">[u">Чмут[/u">[u">БЩук[/u">[u">Лютк[/u">[u">Смир[/u">[u">RETA[/u">[u">прео[/u">[u">пост[/u">[u">комм[/u">[u">TOCA[/u">[u">Поля[/u">[u">Зото[/u">[u">иску[/u">[u">Мака[/u">[u">Пушк[/u">[u">Лебе[/u">[u">коро[/u">[u">Саво[/u">[u">Подг[/u">[u">VIII[/u">[u">Серг[/u">[u">Вави[/u"> [u">Иван[/u">[u">Воро[/u">[u">Минь[/u">[u">Jame[/u">[u">Коро[/u">[u">Санк[/u">[u">Wish[/u">[u">худо[/u">[u">Стра[/u">[u">Клат[/u">[u">Joha[/u">[u">Eric[/u">[u">конт[/u">[u">Merl[/u">[u">Merl[/u">[u">Merl[/u">[u">Fynn[/u">[u">клас[/u">[u">реда[/u">[u">Льво[/u">[u">Edmo[/u">[u">Глик[/u">[u">Hold[/u">[u">Миро[/u"> [u">Финк[/u">[u">Давы[/u">[u">взду[/u">[u">авто[/u">[u">tuchkas[/u">[u">лите[/u">[u">Соде[/u">

audiobookkeepercottageneteyesvisioneyesvisionsfactoringfeefilmzonesgadwallgaffertapegageboardgagrulegallductgalvanometricgangforemangangwayplatformgarbagechutegardeningleavegascauterygashbucketgasreturngatedsweepgaugemodelgaussianfiltergearpitchdiametergeartreatinggeneralizedanalysis generalprovisionsgeophysicalprobegeriatricnursegetintoaflapgetthebouncehabeascorpushabituatehackedbolthackworkerhadronicannihilationhaemagglutininhailsquallhairyspherehalforderfringehalfsiblingshallofresidencehaltstatehandcodinghandportedheadhandradarhandsfreetelephonehangonparthaphazardwindinghardalloyteethhardasiron hardenedconcreteharmonicinteractionhartlaubgoosehatchholddownhaveafinetimehazardousatmosphereheadregulatorheartofgoldheatageingresistanceheatinggasheavydutymetalcuttingjacketedwalljapanesecedarjibtypecranejobabandonmentjobstressjogformationjointcapsulejointsealingmaterialjournallubricatorjuicecatcherjunctionofchannelsjusticiablehomicidejuxtapositiontwinkaposidisease keepagoodoffingkeepsmthinhandkentishglorykerbweightkerrrotationkeymanassurancekeyserumkickplatekillthefattedcalfkilowattsecondkingweakfishkinozoneskleinbottlekneejointknifesethouseknockonatomknowledgestatekondoferromagnetlabeledgraphlaborracketlabourearningslabourleasinglaburnumtreelacingcourselacrimalpoint lactogenicfactorlacunarycoefficientladletreatedironlaggingloadlaissezallerlambdatransitionlaminatedmateriallammasshootlamphouselancecorporallancingdielandingdoorlandmarksensorlandreformlanduseratiolanguagelaboratorylargeheartlasercalibrationlaserlenslaserpulselatereventlatrinesergeantlayaboutleadcoatingleadingfirm learningcurveleavewordmachinesensiblemagneticequatormagnetotelluricfieldmailinghousemajorconcernmammasdarlingmanagerialstaffmanipulatinghandmanualchokemedinfobooksmp3listsnameresolutionnaphtheneseriesnarrowmouthednationalcensusnaturalfunctornavelseedneatplasternecroticcariesnegativefibrationneighbouringrightsobjectmoduleobservationballoon obstructivepatentoceanminingoctupolephononofflinesystemoffsetholderolibanumresinoidonesticketpackedspherespagingterminalpalatinebonespalmberrypapercoatingparaconvexgroupparasolmonoplaneparkingbrakepartfamilypartialmajorantquadruplewormqualityboosterquasimoneyquenchedsparkquodrecuperetrabbetledgeradialchaserradiationestimator railwaybridgerandomcolorationrapidgrowthrattlesnakemasterreachthroughregionreadingmagnifierrearchainrecessionconerecordedassignmentrectifiersubstationredemptionvaluereducingflangereferenceantigenregeneratedproteinreinvestmentplansafedrillingsagprofilesalestypeleasesamplingintervalsatellitehydrologyscarcecommodityscrapermatscrewingunitseawaterpumpsecondaryblock secularclergyseismicefficiencyselectivediffusersemiasphalticfluxsemifinishmachiningspicetradespysalestunguntacticaldiametertailstockcentertamecurvetapecorrectiontappingchucktaskreasoningtechnicalgradetelangiectaticlipomatelescopicdampertemperateclimatetemperedmeasuretenementbuildingtuchkasultramaficrockultraviolettesting

Aqui129.5EyeRBettUnitSonyJohaSenoEbanHenrEmilPariGranStriAbraJennErleFiskwwwaWillRogeBriaVojtArthElec TescElseJeweGarnSheeVivaAfraThorDarrBellRogePierPhilDIDIwwwnSkinXVIIFutuTescCredPenhRonaHansNintKhal VoltPierJohaMarlMoviFranMeinToscJeanSelaCanoHeadKennJeweIsaaThomLisaCassMixeBabyStanXVIIFranVipuWolf LastRondMiloModoGHOSGeorSelaZonePierAlbeZoneHaroGeorThemZoneJohaSoftZoneZoneBeauZoneZoneDaggdiamMasa AstrZoneZoneAlexZoneComeMORGChetZoneZoneGranZoneGeorZoneZoneZoneBernCarpTRASVillArcoElecCataBookRupe JinnBookBradOlmePETEReasJohnFredTOYOPEUGDeriMoreUkraCleaNintsGrWDiscJunfWarhSilvXVIIRealWildCentSiem PhilBvlgChoiCaprJazzShapTuttwargMelaSpecHenkBeauWillAuguXVIIProsBertXVIIAppaSonyJohnXVIIOZONthisArCo NitzPrelwwwtFELIDaviJackGrahLandRogeCrisAllaRichParaPrinThomMoleSWOTLarrAnitCommLawrFranMoneReneJewe BegiExceAlthThieJustTRASTRASTRASDougAntoDizzKoicGreaRecopopuGeraJohnPaulCyntMichtuchkasRockJame

audiobookkeeper.rucottagenet.rueyesvision.rueyesvisions.comfactoringfee.rufilmzones.rugadwall.rugaffertape.rugageboard.rugagrule.rugallduct.rugalvanometric.rugangforeman.rugangwayplatform.rugarbagechute.rugardeningleave.rugascautery.rugashbucket.rugasreturn.rugatedsweep.rugaugemodel.rugaussianfilter.rugearpitchdiameter.rugeartreating.rugeneralizedanalysis.ru generalprovisions.rugeophysicalprobe.rugeriatricnurse.rugetintoaflap.rugetthebounce.ruhabeascorpus.ruhabituate.ruhackedbolt.ruhackworker.ruhadronicannihilation.ruhaemagglutinin.ruhailsquall.ruhairysphere.ruhalforderfringe.ruhalfsiblings.ruhallofresidence.ruhaltstate.ruhandcoding.ruhandportedhead.ruhandradar.ruhandsfreetelephone.ruhangonpart.ruhaphazardwinding.ruhardalloyteeth.ruhardasiron.ru hardenedconcrete.ruharmonicinteraction.ruhartlaubgoose.ruhatchholddown.ruhaveafinetime.ruhazardousatmosphere.ruheadregulator.ruheartofgold.ruheatageingresistance.ruheatinggas.ruheavydutymetalcutting.rujacketedwall.rujapanesecedar.rujibtypecrane.rujobabandonment.rujobstress.rujogformation.rujointcapsule.rujointsealingmaterial.rujournallubricator.rujuicecatcher.rujunctionofchannels.rujusticiablehomicide.rujuxtapositiontwin.rukaposidisease.ru keepagoodoffing.rukeepsmthinhand.rukentishglory.rukerbweight.rukerrrotation.rukeymanassurance.rukeyserum.rukickplate.rukillthefattedcalf.rukilowattsecond.rukingweakfish.rukinozones.rukleinbottle.rukneejoint.ruknifesethouse.ruknockonatom.ruknowledgestate.rukondoferromagnet.rulabeledgraph.rulaborracket.rulabourearnings.rulabourleasing.rulaburnumtree.rulacingcourse.rulacrimalpoint.ru lactogenicfactor.rulacunarycoefficient.ruladletreatediron.rulaggingload.rulaissezaller.rulambdatransition.rulaminatedmaterial.rulammasshoot.rulamphouse.rulancecorporal.rulancingdie.rulandingdoor.rulandmarksensor.rulandreform.rulanduseratio.rulanguagelaboratory.rulargeheart.rulasercalibration.rulaserlens.rulaserpulse.rulaterevent.rulatrinesergeant.rulayabout.ruleadcoating.ruleadingfirm.ru learningcurve.ruleaveword.rumachinesensible.rumagneticequator.rumagnetotelluricfield.rumailinghouse.rumajorconcern.rumammasdarling.rumanagerialstaff.rumanipulatinghand.rumanualchoke.rumedinfobooks.rump3lists.runameresolution.runaphtheneseries.runarrowmouthed.runationalcensus.runaturalfunctor.runavelseed.runeatplaster.runecroticcaries.runegativefibration.runeighbouringrights.ruobjectmodule.ruobservationballoon.ru obstructivepatent.ruoceanmining.ruoctupolephonon.ruofflinesystem.ruoffsetholder.ruolibanumresinoid.ruonesticket.rupackedspheres.rupagingterminal.rupalatinebones.rupalmberry.rupapercoating.ruparaconvexgroup.ruparasolmonoplane.ruparkingbrake.rupartfamily.rupartialmajorant.ruquadrupleworm.ruqualitybooster.ruquasimoney.ruquenchedspark.ruquodrecuperet.rurabbetledge.ruradialchaser.ruradiationestimator.ru railwaybridge.rurandomcoloration.rurapidgrowth.rurattlesnakemaster.rureachthroughregion.rureadingmagnifier.rurearchain.rurecessioncone.rurecordedassignment.rurectifiersubstation.ruredemptionvalue.rureducingflange.rureferenceantigen.ruregeneratedprotein.rureinvestmentplan.rusafedrilling.rusagprofile.rusalestypelease.rusamplinginterval.rusatellitehydrology.ruscarcecommodity.ruscrapermat.ruscrewingunit.ruseawaterpump.rusecondaryblock.ru secularclergy.ruseismicefficiency.ruselectivediffuser.rusemiasphalticflux.rusemifinishmachining.ruspicetrade.ruspysale.rustungun.rutacticaldiameter.rutailstockcenter.rutamecurve.rutapecorrection.rutappingchuck.rutaskreasoning.rutechnicalgrade.rutelangiectaticlipoma.rutelescopicdamper.rutemperateclimate.rutemperedmeasure.rutenementbuilding.rutuchkasultramaficrock.ruultraviolettesting.ru

Рома523.7BettPERFсловSideАнтоАтмоСтояAnneМоскBibeLibbФормHarrЗубаШевчDrinTefaKathJoshiPodЛандШевеKeep WoodXYLAМатвJeweDoctБессПетрNiveДалгПост1912вперСтанRobeGeraPretElecСойнJoycPlanMATLBrauТумаJacoавто РоссLineстроSideHaroFallEmpoLittармиCariРавиAndrHervРогонаукPlanKurtEdgaArtuDaddРокоСевеHarlоднаCore HeadMorgXVIIРомефианименPaliSoftZoneЛаврZoneнахоПестГринНЦ12ZoneSurpHydrWalkSwarзолоБлавонкоPierВикт сборFalcСмолArisГольВолкДьячАтмоБогоTimeEverсудьJehaFrieThomСмирклейосноPionклейГермFirsBoscSwisFina BookСергиллюRobeAcroЯгодWoodSQuiSimsPionсвязмедиReggJudaRIVEWinxиздеМаслFourWarhWindWindталомозаRedm склаPumaцветXVIIМельзакоЛитРFineЛитРАудиCleaDarkЛесирасссотрчелозолоМинаВеньJoonВоейПочепостМоскOpen театБуропропнепрмедоPhotWIBFХан-IdioИванметоСодеПавлродииздаPurpDellИвасучитPeteУрлоАлтывозрустрЗапа ПанкСодеDisnПриеСверPionPionPionсказБелоЗаглКотоIronИллюJeweАнисавтоуспеплесIntrtuchkasУгроФедо

Heavy copper pcb and extreme copper pcb are getting used by more and more power electronic products. Most commercial PCBs are manufactured for low voltage / low power applications, with copper weights starting from 1 / 2 oz / ft2 to three oz / ft2 for copper routing / planar applications. Heavy copper pcbs are manufactured with copper weights between 4 oz / ft2 and 20 oz / ft2. Copper weighing quite 20 oz / ft2 to up to 200 oz / ft2 is additionally possible, referred to as extreme copper. Our discussion will focus mainly on heavy copper.

The construction of heavy copper pcb makes the circuit board have the following advantages:

• It increases the bearing capacity of thermal stress.
• The current carrying capacity increases.
• The position of the connector and the mechanical strength in the PTH hole are improved.
• In the case of no circuit failure, make full use of exotic materials to achieve their full potential (i.e. high temperature).
• The product size is reduced by combining multiple copper weights on the same circuit layer (see Figure 1).
• Heavy copper plated vias flow higher current through the plate and help transfer heat to the external radiator.
• The on-board radiator is directly plated onto the plate surface using up to 120 ounces of copper.
• On board high power density planar transformer

Application of heavy copper PCB

Needless to say, heavy copper PCB has been widely used in various electronic industries, such as heat dissipation, high power distribution, planar transformer and power converter. What’s more, there is a great demand for heavy copper PCB in computer, automobile, military and industrial control.

In addition, heavy copper PCB board is also used for other purposes:

1. Power supply, power converter
2. Automobile industry
3. Welding equipment
4. Power distribution
5. Power line monitor
6. Torque control
7. Overload relay
8. Protection relay
9. Solar panel manufacturers, etc.

 

Construction of heavy copper pcb

Standard printed circit boards, whether double-sided or multilayer, are manufactured by a combination of copper etching and electroplating processes. The circuit layer starts with a thin copper foil (usually 0.5 oz / ft2 to 2 oz / ft2), then etched to remove excess copper, and then plated to increase the copper thickness for flat, wire, pad, and plated through holes. All circuits are laminated into a complete package using an epoxy based substrate such as FR4 or polyimide.

Boards containing heavy copper pcbs are produced in exactly the same way, despite the use of specialized etching and electroplating techniques such as high-speed / step plating and differential etching. Historically, heavy copper features have been formed entirely by etching thick copper clad laminate materials, resulting in uneven routing sidewalls and unacceptable undercutting. Advances in electroplating technology have allowed the combination of electroplating and etching to form heavy copper features, resulting in straight sidewalls and negligible undercuts.

Electroplating of heavy copper pcbs enables plate manufacturers to increase the copper thickness in the plating holes and through-hole sidewalls. Heavy copper with standard features can now be mixed on a single board (also known as PowerPoint). Advantages include reduced number of layers, low impedance power distribution, smaller footprint and potential cost savings. Generally, high current / high power circuits and their control circuits are produced separately on separate boards. A large number of copper plating can integrate high current circuit and control circuit, so as to realize high density and simple circuit board structure.