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To learn more about our privacy policy haga clic aquíSNAP, formerly known as the Food Stamp Program, is the nation's largest anti-hunger program. In 2021, SNAP helped an average of more than 41 million low-income people in the United States pay for a nutritionally adequate diet each month.
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program provides important nutrition support for low-income working families, low-income seniors (60 and over), and people with disabilities living on a fixed income, and other low-income individuals and households. About two-thirds of SNAP participants are from families with children, and more than one-third are from households with the elderly or people with disabilities. After unemployment insurance, SNAP is the most responsive federal program that provides additional assistance during and after economic downturns.
The federal government pays the full cost of SNAP benefits and splits the cost of administering the program with the states that operate it. SNAP operates in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands, but not in Puerto Rico, American Samoa, or the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Despite higher levels of poverty than the rest of the US, these three territories are excluded from SNAP and instead receive limited block grants for nutrition assistance.
Unlike most means-tested benefit programs, which are restricted to particular categories of low-income people, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program is widely available to low-income households. SNAP eligibility rules and benefit levels are set, for the most part, at the federal level and are uniform across the country, though states have flexibility to accommodate things like the value of a vehicle a household can own and still qualify for benefits. To qualify for SNAP benefits under federal rules, a household must meet three criteria (although states have flexibility to adjust these limits):
Your gross monthly income generally must be at or below 130 percent of the poverty line, or $2,379 per month (about $28,550 per year) for a three-person household in tax year 2022. Households with one member age 60 or more or who has a disability does not need to meet this limit.
Your net monthly income, or income after deductions for housing and child care expenses, must be less than or equal to the poverty line ($1,830 per month or about $21,960 per year for a three-person household in the fiscal year 2022). ).
Your assets must be below certain limits: in tax year 2022 the limits are $2,500 for households without a member who is 60 or older or has a disability and $3,750 for those with an elderly or disabled member.
A SNAP household is generally made up of people who live together and shop for and prepare food together. Some people, such as people on strike, some college students, people with drug convictions in some states, and people with certain immigration statuses, are not eligible for SNAP benefits, no matter how small their income or assets.
Each state designs its own SNAP application process, following federal guidelines. People can apply in person at their local SNAP office or submit their applications by mail. Almost all states also have an online application. Applicants must participate in an eligibility interview, which can often be over the phone. They must also document many things, including your identity, residence, immigration status, household composition, income and resources, and deductible expenses.
Households determined to be eligible receive an EBT (Electronic Benefits Transfer) card, which is loaded with benefits on a monthly basis. Household members can use it to buy groceries at one of the more than 254,000 retailers authorized to participate in the program. In 2021, 80 percent of the benefits were exchanged in supermarkets or department stores. SNAP cannot be used to buy alcoholic beverages, cigarettes, vitamin supplements, non-food grocery items such as household items, or hot meals.
Households should contact their local SNAP office to report if their income increases dramatically. They must also reapply for SNAP periodically, generally every six to 12 months for most families and every 12 to 24 months for seniors and people with disabilities.
During the pandemic-related public health emergency, states have been using temporary SNAP flexibility granted by Congress and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) to make it easier to administer the program. For example, states have been able to temporarily modify the interview, certification period, and reporting requirements to help them handle administrative demands and ensure that participants maintain access to SNAP benefits.
On average, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participants received an estimated $127 per month (or about $4.16 per day) per person in regular SNAP benefits in tax year 2021.[2] They received an additional $92 per month (or $3.01 per day) per person in temporary pandemic-related benefits, for a monthly total of $218 per person.[3] (See sidebar, “Increases to SNAP Benefits During COVID-19.”) Pandemic-related benefit increases will expire when the federal public health emergency ends or when states end their state emergency declaration, as some states have done, resulting in a cut in SNAP benefits for participants.
To help households with the greatest need pay for an adequate diet, the SNAP benefit formula allows households with the lowest income to receive higher benefits than households closer to the poverty line. The formula assumes that families will spend 30 percent of their net income on food; Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program makes up the difference between that and the cost of the Thrifty Food Plan (TFP), a diet plan established by the USDA that is designed to be nutritionally adequate at very low cost.
In fiscal year 2021, the federal government spent about $111 billion on SNAP and other directly related food assistance programs. About $105 billion, or 94 percent of SNAP spending, went directly to benefits that households used to buy food. Of the total SNAP benefits in fiscal year 2021, about 60 percent, or about $63 billion, was authorized under the regular SNAP program. The rest (40 percent, or about $42 billion) came from the temporary authority that Congress and the Trump and Biden administrations enacted to respond to the pandemic.
About 5 percent of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program spending in 2021 went to state administrative costs, including eligibility determinations, employment and training and nutrition education for SNAP households, and anti-fraud activities. The COVID-19 relief legislation provided more than $1 billion in additional funding for state administrative spending that became available in 2021 and will last for multiple years. Less than 1 percent of SNAP spending went to federal administrative costs.
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