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Robotics on the Rise in the Food Industry

This month’s column will explore the use of robotics in food processing. Robots offer a wide range of opportunities to improve food processing operations; however, as with all new technologies, their implementation must be well thought out in order to avoid potential risks. In this column, current usage of robotics in the food industry will be reviewed and benefits and risks will be considered.To get more news about RaaS, you can visit glprobotics.com official website.

History and Market
Robot comes from the Czechoslovakian word “robota” and means forced labor. The International Standards Organization defines robots as automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose, manipulative machines with several degrees of freedom, which may be either fixed in place or mobile for use in industrial automation applications. More broadly, robots are machines that serve functions in place of living agents.

For many of us, our first exposure to robots in food processing was during childhood watching the then futuristic cartoon The Jetsons. Today the use of robotics in food processing is common. According to the International Federation of Robots, 240,000 units were sold worldwide in 2015. This represented an 8% increase in annual growth globally. Growth is highest in Brazil where sales are increasing by 33% annually. Early uses of robots in food processing were primarily for packaging and palletizing operations. Robotics is currently used in approximately 40% of palletizing operations and 26% of food and beverage packaging lines. In 1998, flex picker robots were introduced, revolutionizing the food industry by enabling rapid picking and placing of food items. Robots are now being used in many food processing operations from farm to fork. Food industry manufacturers have reported a 25% increase in productivity since employing robotics when compared to the work done by humans.

Visionaries like Elon Musk have shared grave warnings regarding the risks of artificial intelligence and robots changing the global workforce in ways that take jobs from humans. He has advised that increased government regulation is needed to oversee implementation of the technology. Mark Zuckerberg disagrees, stating that he believes the future of artificial intelligence and robotics is “limited.” Regardless of one’s vision, robotics is playing an increasing role in the food industry. One of the reasons for this is the improved sanitary designs offered by modern robotics. Since the implementation of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Food Safety Modernization Act in 2011, increased focus has been placed on preventing contamination in the food supply, and robotics can help meet those and many other needs.

Benefits of Robotics
The benefits of robotics are many. They include reduced requirements for intensive human labor, reductions in on-the-job injuries, the ability to perform operations that are highly undesirable for humans, increases in final product quality, the ability to perform operations that are very difficult to perform manually by humans, increases in productivity, enhancements in flexibility, improvements in safety, increases in order fulfillment speed and accuracy, increases in uptime, and reductions in costs.
Robotic System Components
Manufacturing robots are complex systems comprised of multiple components from different vendors. One of the components is usually an arm, perhaps a multi-jointed robot arm, or an overhead picking arm called a “delta” or “parallel” robot. Delta robots are commonly found in food processing operations, and an example can be seen in the photo on page 75, where it is uniformly spreading pizza sauce on the crust.

Separately, there is an end-effector, often customized for a specific food application. End-effectors include a wide variety of shaped grippers, suction cups, and other manipulation devices specific to the size, shape, and rigidity of the food products they are handling. In addition, either colocated with the robot, or further up the line, is a computer vision system used to determine orientation of the food to be manipulated. In packaging processes, the vision system may be required to read bar codes as well. Safety systems are also typically incorporated in the robotics.