Informations de base

• Posté par: Felicity Flynn
• Publié: Jan 15, 2020
• Dernière mise à jour: Jan 15, 2020
• Members: 1
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• Catégorie: Immobilier
• La description: The highest danger level of corruption is reached when corruption captures the public authorities, including law enforcement, i.e. those same bodies that should combat it. The crimes committed by officials, who are primarily responsible for law enforcement, cause social danger to society. Crimes...plusThe highest danger level of corruption is reached when corruption captures the public authorities, including law enforcement, i.e. those same bodies that should combat it. The crimes committed by officials, who are primarily responsible for law enforcement, cause social danger to society. Crimes committed by police officers undermine the very basis of law enforcement agencies, reduce their credibility and form negative public attitudes to them, contributing to the development of legal nihilism in the country. Transparency International's 2010 Global Corruption Barometer found that, around the world, the police are one of the four most corrupt institutions. It should be noted that the level of corruption crimes among police officers has increased since the late 90s. Police criminality was so acute in New Orleans during the 1980s and 1990s that people were afraid to report crimes for fear that corrupt officers would retaliate or tip off organized crime figures. A characteristic feature of criminal manifestations is their qualitative change. Earlier, corrupt activities were accomplished by a particular person for a particular purpose. Now the whole group of police officers may be involved in illegal activities.
  This phenomenon is generated by various social factors and conditions. In order to successfully fight corruption, one has to define and reduce the factors and conditions that give rise to it. However, this is a long-term task; it cannot be done at once. The crimes the police officers commit are dangerous to the public and are characterized by high latency though the police are an institution that is to protect the public.
  Factors Causing Corruption
  Among the major factors which cause corruption in the case described in the article are the lack of a careful selection of personnel, cursory inspection business, poor moral qualities of the candidates to serve in the police, and low level of discipline. Causal factors of corruption can be divided into two main categories: the ones which are connected with the exterior and those, which result from personal, internal order.
  Motifs generated by the external environment can be divided into structural and organizational. Structural context is an officers’ reaction to the pressure of external circumstances, their attitude to the opportunities and risks arising in the course of performing specific functions as a member of the police force. Pressure of external circumstances is particularly clear if police officers perform duties facing illegal business activities, such as drug trafficking.
  The relationship between officers and informants is an area of particular risk. Some officers pay informants without permission to do this, developing a special relationship and hiding those from authorities. Such extraordinary relationships between the officer and the informant do not fit the existing job descriptions and rules. There are certain areas where the protection of various objects creates particularly favorable conditions for corruption. Thus, regulation of drug trafficking, prostitution, etc. is a source of illegal income for many police officers, especially senior ones.
  The above factors create an atmosphere of risk, which is particularly strong in conjunction with the organizational context, i.e. with the specific internal order characteristic of a particular police department. Organizational pressure is associated with a feeling of a powerful team. Organizational context of corruption reaches its maximum in cases where leaders of the subdivision are corrupted, as in the article. Organizational pressure is also evident when there is a unique subculture among law enforcement officers, which is characterized by loyalty towards colleagues, by hiding their misdeeds. Mutual responsibility is facilitated by many circumstances, including public hostility towards employees as representatives of the government. Weak management control over the activities of subordinates contributes to the manifestation of corruption. Functioning of police staff suggests dispersal over a large territory since bosses are not directly watching how officers act on their sites. In addition, there are numerous variables that contribute to the spread of corruption. They vary from department to department across the country. In connection with this, fixation and analysis of any specific territory where corruption spread should be carried out on the local level.
  The officer’s attitude towards corruption and own behavior in the environment presenting many temptations and risks is largely determined by officer’s personal qualities. Faced with the pressure of the performance of official functions, any officer unit can choose own model of behavior in these circumstances. However, there are personal qualities associated with susceptibility to corruption if one does not even take into account these factors.
  Anti-Corruption Mechanisms
  It is impossible to get rid of corruption, but that does not...  Moins