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This article aims to summaries how to read and understand the label on an oil can. Thatâs because brand and specification if chosen correctly, will affect the machineâs service life, reliability, ongoing maintenance costs,
How to read an oil can
This article aims to summaries how to read and understand the label on an oil can. Thatâs because brand and specification if chosen correctly, will affect the machineâs service life, reliability, ongoing maintenance costs, and help ensure the safety of all those working around.
OEMs, oil marketers, additive companies, and testing laboratories work together to establish oil performance requirements, test methods, and limits for the various classifications and testing processes.
The system includes a formal licensing agreement executed by lubricant suppliers with API. Through this program, API has standardized the labeling of engine oils by adopting the donut logo (Figure 1). The logo was designed to be placed in a prominent position on a variety of lubricant containers.
API â American Petroleum Institute: The American Petroleum Institute (API) administers the licensing and certification of engine oils through a system that meets the warranty, maintenance, and lubrication requirements of original equipment manufacturers.
SAE â Society of Automotive Engineers: SAE is an organisation that certifies and standardised working elements for automotive, aerospace, and commercial vehicles.
SAE 10W-30: The SAE has established a numerical code system for grading oils according to their viscosity characteristics. Because of the viscosity of oil changes with temperature, multigrade oils were developed to provide protection across a range of temperatures.
SAE 10W30 is an oil that has SAE 10W viscosity (thickness) at low temperatures, and SAE 30 viscosity at high temperatures. The W stands for 'Winter'. Note that these viscosities are relative and standardised numbers and no absolutes, the oil doesn't get thicker when it's hot, it gets thinner.
Category Classification on Oil Cans:
1 - 5W: Here, 5 describes the viscosity of the oil at low temperatures. W stands for âWinterâ. The lower the number, the thinner the oil and the better the oilâs cold temperature performance.
2- 30: It describes how thick the oil is at the normal operating temperature.
Multigrade oils such as SAE 5W-30 and 10W-40 are widely used because, under all but extremely hot or cold conditions, they are thin enough to flow at low temperatures and thick enough to perform satisfactorily at high temperatures. In other words, the choice of viscosity would be different depending on the climate conditions of the operational site.
Also read: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/storage-management-oil-products-its-importance-agrawal-mlt-1-/
We at Minimac study your maintenance needs and provide the best solution. We believe in Discern, Design & Deliver.
Call +91 7030901266 for Mechanical Maintenance & Oil Check.
Importance of product storage
Product storage is an important criterion for any segment of products. It plays a vital role in the longevity of the products, every product in any form has a certain life period and this life period forms the baseline of
Importance of product storage
Product storage is an important criterion for any segment of products. It plays a vital role in the longevity of the products, every product in any form has a certain life period and this life period forms the baseline of the product.
Coming to the lubricating oil industry, product life period plays an important role in the smooth running of the machinery and the plant. As these oils play a very important role in the day to day functioning of critical machinery, so if not maintained properly these can lead to the breakdown of machinery thereby leading to a shutdown of the plant which leads to the incurrence of huge loss.
Therefore it is very important that these oils should be used well in advance before their life period expires.
We can hereby pen down certain prerequisite conditions for storage of lubricants:
Pre usage Inspection: It is mandatory to verify their performance properties & conditions with oil analysis for the oils that have been kept for a long period of time. On satisfactory analysis results, oils can be used or else needs to be disposed off.
Storage Temperature: It is mandatory to maintain the storage temperature of different categories of oil. For eg highly additised oil (Motor, Gear) are at high risk if placed at the low temperature storage room.
Shelf Life: All new oils should have identification marking their shelf life in order to identify their shelf life. Oils used after their shelf life would pose a high threat to machinery.
Also read: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/how-choose-right-lubricant-anshuman-agrawal-mlt-1-/
We at Minimac study your maintenance needs and provide the best solution. We believe in Discern, Design & Deliver.
Call +91 7030901266 for Mechanical Maintenance & Oil Check.
Lube oil checks and recommended testing kits
For field inspection of lube oils, the following points are important to take action:
Basic tests for lube oils are to observe the oil in glass sample bottle for colour inspection.
If you observe that colour
Lube oil checks and recommended testing kits
For field inspection of lube oils, the following points are important to take action:
Basic tests for lube oils are to observe the oil in glass sample bottle for colour inspection.
If you observe that colour of lube oils is milky or dark in shade, then you have to process for further testing with hand held testing kits which are easy for use at the site.
Following are the testing kits which can be used at the site for checking lube oil:
Millipore Patch Testing Kit â This testing kit is useful for measuring contamination in oil as per NAS/ISO by observing the patch paper with microscope. This is a very basic test to know if oil is contaminated or clean. This is a portable patch testing kit and easy to handle everywhere at the site.
Hydrogauge Oil Test Kit â It is used for checking moisture or water contamination in oil by adding a 10 ml sample in 2 types of different reagents. This is also an offline & portable testing kit which shows results approximately and at very low cost.
Visgauge Oil Test Kit â This kit is useful for checking the viscosity of oils from 0 to 460 ranges of oils. This testing kit is portable and easy to use.
Online Laser Particle Counter â This is an online contamination monitor which is useful for checking oil contamination in NAS, ISO format with particle distributions in 8 Nos of channels. You can connect this particle counter with a pipeline or any external oil filtration system with the help of the provision of minimize hoses and the particle counter has an LED screen to show results.
Portable Online Laser Particle Counter â This is a portable online contamination monitor which is useful for checking oil contamination in NAS, ISO format with particle distributions in 8 Nos of channels. This particle counter is able to check NAS values for multiple types of samples or multiple machines. It can be connected with pipeline or any external oil filtration system with the provision of minimize hoses and the particle counter has an LED Screen to show results.
Following are some Easy Field Tests and Inspections â
Also read: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/importance-inventory-management-anshuman-agrawal-mlt-1-/
Minimac focuses on lubrication reliability and contamination control - Doctor's for your machine!
Call +91 7030901266 for Condition Monitoring.
Field inspection
1) Visual Inspection of Oil in a Sample Bottle:
Colour: wrong or mixed oil, photo-catalytic reaction, oxidation and thermal degradation, soot, chemical contamination
Emulsions and Cloudiness: haze to buttermilk, cuff, stable or
Field inspection
1) Visual Inspection of Oil in a Sample Bottle:
Colour: wrong or mixed oil, photo-catalytic reaction, oxidation and thermal degradation, soot, chemical contamination
Emulsions and Cloudiness: haze to buttermilk, cuff, stable or unstable, additive floc, salt, air, glycol
Free Water: colour, speed of separation, level
Sediments â colour: amber, black, translucent, settling rate, density and particle size, laser through the bottle
2) Using Oil Colour as a Field Test:
You can check the colour of the oil sample with the help of an oil change colour gauge by using glass or PET plastic bottles
Without a gauge, you can compare the sample with a new oil sample and observe the colour, if you find that colour of the oil is milky or dark, then check the contamination & moisture in oil with the help of an Oil testing kit
3) Moisture Detection by Vision:
Visual inspection
Transparent container
Use comparators and good lighting, laser pointer is also effective
Hazy to milky appearance may indicate water emulsion
4) Routine Inspection of Sight Glasses in Oil Analysis:
Change in oil level â up or down, sudden and significant changes are serious
Sight glass foaming
Oil colour, darkening, turbidity, etc.
BS& W bowl shows oxidised oil
Use a blue pen-light for checking the oil level and quality insight glasses
5) Other Audible Inspection:
Gearing â A singing gear is a happy gear, usually, it means it is one that is hitting
Hydraulics â High metallic sounds from pumps means there is water in oils
Marbles on the tin roof mean cavitation
6) Using your Sense of Touch:
Lube: Oils should feel slippery, not clingy. Greases should feel buttery, not stringy or lumpy
- Grease consistency can be estimated manually with a butter knife, you can tell the difference between #2 and #3
Contaminants â Sludge: hard, pasty, sticky
- Particles / Sediments
- Filter debris
7) Using Oil Odour as a Field Test:
Purpose quickly detect odour â Producing changes in an oilâs chemistry and constituents. For best results with scenting, use comparators for examples, bottles of new oil, oxidised oil, burnt oil, diesel contaminated oil, etc.
Also read: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/importance-inventory-management-anshuman-agrawal-mlt-1-/
Minimac focuses on lubrication reliability and contamination control - Doctor's for your machine!
Call +91 7030901266 for Condition Monitoring.
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What is varnish and its effects
The condition of the oil in lubrication and hydraulic systems is indicative of the health of the entire system. There are two essentials for ensuring productivity, for avoiding malfunctions and for reducing operating
What is varnish and its effects
The condition of the oil in lubrication and hydraulic systems is indicative of the health of the entire system. There are two essentials for ensuring productivity, for avoiding malfunctions and for reducing operating costs:
Monitoring the fluid condition
Continuous maintenance of operating equipment
Varnish is a soluble and insoluble contaminant made up of by-products of oil degradation and oxidation. It can appear as a gel-resin like consistency or resemble solid deposits in the oil, or which plates out on the metal surfaces of lube systems. It can be the result of several possible root causes, including high temperatures, electrostatic discharges, lubricant degradation and micro dieseling. Varnish can produce a number of problems related to machine operation, such as valve stiction, lubricant flow restriction, clogged filters, etc.
How is varnish different from sludge?
Varnish is a tough, adherent oxide or carbonaceous material that coats internal machine surfaces. Hot surfaces and/or time will often cure varnish to a hard/brittle consistency.
In contrast, sludge, which is sometimes a precursor to varnish, is soft and sticky and can move about the system until finally coming to rest at sump bottoms, troughs, strainers, filters, and narrow fluid passages.
To know more follow:
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What are the main causes of varnish in your system?
To summarize the prime reasons for varnish generation is following:
Pressure-induced thermal degradation.
Pressure-induced dieseling
Oxidation
Is your system susceptible?
There are a number of reasons why lube oils suffer from high rates of varnish contamination. If your system ticks any of these boxes, then you should test your oil for varnish potential:
for Oil Check call +91 8975150700
Visible deposits or discoloration of lube circuit components
If you switched from group I to group II oil, or if you have blended oils
The high flow rate of lube oil from a small lube oil reservoir
High operating temperature
A gas turbine, gas compressor, or hydraulic system
How to physically identify if there is a change in chemical composition?
The following can be the warning signs that the oil has undergone chemical changes:
Change in oil colour
Strong odour
Change in oil consistency
Sludge and hard deposits on metal surfaces
Visible contaminants in oil samples
If you are facing varnish deposits, two actions are recommended to control it. First, identify the root causes. This will require a systematic study of the possible factors supported by oil analysis. Next, remove the existing varnish in the machine.
At Minimac Systems, we offer flushing services and filter check services which ensure a clean system including oil tanks and lines. Book an appointment with our technical expert by clicking on https://www.linkedin.com/company/minimacsystemsprivatetlimited or call +91 89751 50700
Like, Comment, Share this article to spread awareness and sensitize the reader for Zero Mechanical Breakdown.
Hydraulic fluid and base stock options
Definition: Hydraulic fluid is the energy transfer medium in all hydraulic systems. However, the job of hydraulic fluid goes beyond the simple transmission of power. Although transmitting hydraulic energy is the
Hydraulic fluid and base stock options
Definition: Hydraulic fluid is the energy transfer medium in all hydraulic systems. However, the job of hydraulic fluid goes beyond the simple transmission of power. Although transmitting hydraulic energy is the core purpose of hydraulic fluid, it is useful in four secondary functions - heat transfer, contamination removal, sealing, and lubrication.
Hydraulic machines produce a lot of excess heat during routine operations, often caused by inefficiencies of the components, like pumps and motors. Without a way to carry heat away from these components, it could result in overheating issues with resulting damage of seals and internal components, especially as a result of low local viscosity. As oil returns to the reservoir, it often passes through a cooler to help maintain optimal temperature range before it is pumped back out to the system. Conversely, hydraulic fluid can carry heat into a system during cold starts, when needed.
Hydraulic oil is prepared by the addition of additives in the base stock according to usage, area of usage, ambient condition of usage, the criticality of machines. There can be a variety of base stocks such as mineral oils, synthetic oils, vegetable oils, water-based oils. These base oils can be also further segregated as follows:
Mineral Oils: Group I, Group II, Group III. Mineral oils are used in a variety of industries in various forms such as laxative in biomedicines, veterinary, etc as common ingredients in cosmetics, lubricant, and coolant in mechanical & electrical industries.
Synthetic Oils: Halogenated compounds, Polyglycols (PAG), Polyether, Poly- alpha-olefin(PAO), Polyether, Silicones, Esters, Phosphate Esters, Polyol & Dibasic acid esters. Synthetic oils can be used as a substitute for petroleum refined oils in extreme temperature operations. One of the major advantages of synthetic oil is its ability to resist chemical decomposition in the presence of water, it also separates from water easily and can operate at higher pressures.
Vegetable Oils: Natural vegetable oils such as Canola Oil, Soyabean Oil, Sunflower Oil, Cornflower Oil. Vegetable oils are mainly used in the food industry, they are also used in personal care and cosmetic industries, paint industries. They are also used in electrical industries as insulators due to their non-toxic nature.
Water-Based Oils: Water Glycols, Emulsions, Synthetic Solutions. Water-based oils such as water glycols, emulsions have excellent fire-resistant properties. Excellent fire-resistant properties along with good cost and performance make it the right choice for many industrial applications. They also have good operating pressure and temperature ranges.
Thus from the above illustrations, we can identify different types of base stocks and their segregations, and use of these segregations according to the customized needs.
Also read: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/functions-hydraulic-oil-reasons-its-contamination-anshuman-agrawal/
Minimac focuses on lubrication reliability and contamination control - Clean Oil, Healthy Machine! Call +91 7030901266 for Condition Monitoring.
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Functions of hydraulic oil and the reasons of its contamination
There are four basic functions of hydraulic oil:
To act as an energy transmission medium
To Lubricate internal moving parts of components
To act as a heat transfer medium
To seal
Functions of hydraulic oil and the reasons of its contamination
There are four basic functions of hydraulic oil:
To act as an energy transmission medium
To Lubricate internal moving parts of components
To act as a heat transfer medium
To seal clearances between moving parts
If any of these functions is impaired, the hydraulic system in the equipment/rigs will not perform as designed. The resulting downtime can cost a lot in Dollar and increase the operating cost for any rig/operations on field.
Proper hydraulic fluid maintenance helps to prevent or reduce breakdown maintenance. This is accomplished through continuous improvement program that minimizes and removes contaminants. Hydraulic fluid is expected to create a lubricating film to keep precision parts separated. Ideally, the film is thick enough to completely fill the clearance between moving parts. This condition results in low wear rates. When the wear rate is kept low enough, a component is likely to reach its intended life expectancy.
The actual thickness of a lubricating film depends on:
fluid viscosity
applied load
relative speed of the two surfaces
So, if after multiple cycles the oil loses its viscosity or is contaminated. It will lead to addition friction and wear and tear.
What harm will the contaminants make?
If not properly flushed, contaminants from manufacturing and assembly will be left in the system. These contaminants include dust, welding slag, rubber particles from hoses and seals, sand from castings, and metal debris from machined components. Also, when fluid is initially added to the system, contamination is introduced. During system operation, contamination enters through breather caps, worn seals, and other system openings. System operation also generates internal contamination. This occurs as component wear debris and chemical by-products react with component surfaces to generate more contamination.
What are the types & sources of Contamination?
There are basically 4 sources of contamination:
Built-in Contamination
Natural Contamination
Ingressed Contamination
Generated Contamination
While the first three types of contamination is self-explanatory, there is the further classification of generation contamination on the basis of how it is generated:
Abrasive Wear: Hard particles bridging two moving surfaces, scraping one or both.
Cavitation Wear: Restricted inlet flow to pump causes fluid voids that implode causing shocks that break away critical surface material.
Fatigue Wear: Particles bridging a clearance cause a surface stress riser that expands into a spall due to repeated stressing of the damaged area.
Erosive Wear: Fine particles in a high-speed stream of fluid eat away a metering edge or surface.
Adhesive Wear: Loss of oil film allows metal to metal contact between moving surfaces.
Corrosive Wear: Water or chemical contamination in the fluid causes rust or a chemical reaction that degrades a surface.
Are contaminants visible with naked eye?
Particle sizes are generally measured on the micrometer scale. One micrometer (or micron) is one-millionth of one meter, or 39 millionths of an inch. The limit of human visibility is approx.. 32μm micrometers. Keep in mind that most damage-causing particles in hydraulic or lubrication systems are smaller than 14μm micrometers. Therefore, they are microscopic and cannot be seen by the unaided eye. To put the sizes in perspective, below are the sizes of some known objects.
Hence filtration of hydraulic oil is of prime importance. Minimac System provides an array of the solution in this regard. What we also do is filter check via our experts for any of your rig/equipment.
At Minimac Systems we offer Flushing Services and Filter Check Services which ensure a clean system including oil tanks and lines. Book an appointment with our technical expert by clicking on https://www.linkedin.com/company/minimacsystemsprivatetlimited or call +91 8975150700
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Standards of turbine oil
A) BSI (British Standards) â BSI BS 489:1999: Specification For Turbine Lubricants.
B) DIN (German Institute for Standardization DIN 51515-1, 51515-2: This document specifies minimum requirements for oils for high thermal
Standards of turbine oil
A) BSI (British Standards) â BSI BS 489:1999: Specification For Turbine Lubricants.
B) DIN (German Institute for Standardization DIN 51515-1, 51515-2: This document specifies minimum requirements for oils for high thermal stress (high-temperature service) in turbines.
C) ABB (ABB Group) ABB G12106: Ultra-clean turbine oil, Long-life, Rust & Oxidation-inhibited circulating oil.
D) ASTM International â ASTM D4304: Define the properties of the mineral and synthetic oil-based turbine lubricating oils that are functionally interchangeable with existing oils of this type, are compatible with most existing machinery components, and with appropriate field maintenance, will maintain their functionality.
E) GE (General Electric) GE: GEK-32568: Lubricating Oil Recommendations for Gas Turbines With Bearing Ambients above 500°F (260°C)
Also Read: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/mandatory-properties-steam-gas-turbine-oil-anshuman-agrawal-mlt-1-/
We at Minimac study your maintenance needs and provide the best solution. We believe in Discern, Design & Deliver.
Call +91 7030901266 for Mechanical Maintenance & Oil Check.
Can all contaminants be seen with naked eyes?
As a part 2 of #knowyouroil series, we will discuss about Particle Contamination. Whenever we talk about contamination the first thing that comes to our mind is solid particles that we can see or feel. But
Can all contaminants be seen with naked eyes?
As a part 2 of #knowyouroil series, we will discuss about Particle Contamination. Whenever we talk about contamination the first thing that comes to our mind is solid particles that we can see or feel. But what we do not understand is how big a particle can really cause wear and tear to your machines, can all contaminants be seen with naked eyes? Is it too late to wait until then?
To answer the above questions we must first understand the actual clearance size of the different types of lubrication film formed between rolling> and rotating components which is essential for providing proper lubrication. Oil film thickness in machinery is measured in microns (µm), or one-millionth of a meter.
For queries related to Oil Testing, follow:
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Below are the finest tolerance found in different types of components.
When small particles, which cannot be seen through human eyes, pass through the critical machine parts under load, they create small microtears which get transformed into cracks over a period of time due to continuous stress and strain conditions leading to the more fine generation and hence increase contamination.
The contaminants that are considered to be most damaged are from size 2 to 20 µm and avoiding these are key to keeping your machinery breakdown free.>
But it is also important to understand when to call the oil clean and when dirty, as it is understood that changing oil very frequently and maintenance every time is not feasible.
Below chart shows us what particle levels are admissible and what harms our system.
But knowing this is not enough if we donât know when to get oil sampling and testing done. Below chart provides an estimation for testing and the type of test to be conducted.
Get your machine's oil check today with our technical expert call +91 7030901266. Ask for a brochure today.
We at Minimac System Pvt. Ltd. not only design a maintenance schedule for your lubrication oil but also provide OIL TESTING and FILTRATION services and the filtered oil complies to the ISO standard of Super Clean oil as we stand for MINImum MAChinery Maintenance.
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Common properties that are must haves in the turbine oil.
Oxidation Stability: Oxidation stability is a chemical reaction that occurs with a combination of the lubricant and oxygen. The rate of oxidation is accelerated by high temperatures, water,
Common properties that are must haves in the turbine oil.
Oxidation Stability: Oxidation stability is a chemical reaction that occurs with a combination of the lubricant and oxygen. The rate of oxidation is accelerated by high temperatures, water, acids, and catalysts such as copper. The service life of a lubricant reduces with an increase in temperature.
Viscosity Index: The viscosity index (VI) is an arbitrary, unit-less measure of a fluids change in viscosity relative to temperature change. It is mostly used to characterise the viscosity-temperature behaviour of lubricating oils. The higher the VI, the more stable the viscosity remains over temperature fluctuations.
Filterability: Capable of being filtered or separated by filtering.
Low Sludging Formation Tendency: Having low sludge formation tendency.
To know more about sludging, read: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-varnish-its-effects-anshuman-agrawal
We at Minimac study your maintenance needs and provide the best solution. We believe in Discern, Design & Deliver.
Call +91 7030901266 for Mechanical Maintenance & Oil Check.
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