The chemical composition and heat treatment process of wear resistant castings crusher and other materials have been improved. After testing basic aspects such as the microstructure and impact abrasion weight loss, trial products were then mounted on actual machines for evaluation.

These tests revealed that 1.5C-18Mn-Cr high-manganese cast steel, and high-chromium cast iron with Cr/C =7,had excellent performance, extending the wear life of crusher parts.

In some cases, requirements cannot be satisfied simply by changing the material,and for these cases various composite methods were developed using low-alloy cast steel as the base metal with high-speed tool steel on the wearing surface, and using high-chromium cast iron as the base metal with cemented carbide on the wearing surface.

The composite parts were evaluated by testing them on actual machines, and it was confirmed that a drastic increase in wear life was attained as compared with single-material parts. The composites were then mounted on crushing machines used to crush bulky solid waste,and on crushers used for particularly hard materials. These achieved an extension of parts life and reduced machine maintenance costs.

Niobium, like titanium and vanadium, forms superhard MC carbides that remain relatively pure in technical alloys on account of their low solubility for other metallic alloying elements. However, because they have a greater hardness than the precipitated chromium carbides commonly used in wear‐resistant alloys, they are suitable as alternative hard phases. This contribution deals with new wear‐resistant steels and casting alloys containing niobium carbide. These include a secondary hardening hardfacing alloy, a composite

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