Understanding Glaucoma and the Need for Surgery

Glaucoma is a progressive eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP), which damages the optic nerve, leading to vision loss. While medications and laser treatments can manage early-stage glaucoma, surgery becomes necessary when these methods fail to control IOP effectively.

Glaucoma surgery aims to improve fluid drainage from the eye or reduce fluid production, preventing further optic nerve damage. If you're seeking expert care, consulting specialists at the best eye hospital in Guwahati ensures precise diagnosis and advanced treatment options.

Types of Glaucoma Eye Surgery

1. Trabeculectomy

A traditional and widely performed surgery, trabeculectomy involves creating a small flap in the sclera (white part of the eye) to allow excess fluid to drain, lowering IOP.

2. Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS)

MIGS procedures, such as iStent or Hydrus Microstent, use tiny devices to enhance fluid outflow with minimal trauma. These are ideal for mild to moderate glaucoma and offer faster recovery.

3. Glaucoma Drainage Implants

For advanced glaucoma, surgeons may implant a small tube (e.g., Ahmed or Baerveldt shunt) to redirect fluid and regulate eye pressure.

4. Laser Surgeries (SLT & ALT)

Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) and Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty (ALT) use laser energy to improve drainage in the eye’s trabecular meshwork.

5. Cyclophotocoagulation

This procedure reduces fluid production by targeting the ciliary body with a laser, typically used in severe or refractory glaucoma cases.

Benefits of Glaucoma Surgery

• Prevents Vision Loss: Slows or halts optic nerve damage.

• Reduces Dependency on Medications: Minimizes the need for daily eye drops.

• Long-Term IOP Control: Many procedures offer sustained pressure reduction.

Recovery and Post-Surgical Care

Recovery varies by procedure, but general guidelines include:

• Avoiding strenuous activities for a few weeks.

• Using prescribed antibiotic and anti-inflammatory eye drops.

• Attending follow-up visits to monitor eye pressure and healing.

Choosing the Right Surgeon

Success depends on the surgeon’s expertise. If considering glaucoma eye surgery, opt for a facility with advanced technology and experienced specialists.