Two types of Rice Polisher(LIANGGONG) machines are used in the rice mill industry: (1) the vertical cone-type polisher; and (2) the horizontal polisher. The vertical cone-type polisher looks similar to the vertical abrasive whitening cone; however, the abrasive coating is replaced by leather strips and no rubber brakes are installed. The horizontal polisher, which is slowly gaining popularity, was developed in Japan about 10 years ago and is actually based on the same principle as the vertical cone-shaped machine.

Polishing, always takes place after completion of the whitening process. Some confusion exists about the words used for these processes. Whitening is sometimes called "polishing" or "milling". Polishing is sometimes called "refining" or "grinding". The vertical whitening machine in its present form is based on an initial European design. It is made by many manufacturers all over the world and is still widely used for the production of undermilled rice as well as for first-class. rice milled for quality-oriented export markets.

The horizontal whitening machine developed in Japan after World War II is well suited to the short-grain Japanese varieties of rice; however, its introduction in other countries of the Far East and Asia has been delayed because sensitive adjustments are necessary to accommodate medium and long paddy varieties When this machine is fully adjustable to all paddy lengths its introduction as a substitute for the vertical cone-type whitener will have bright prospects. The horizontal jet pearler is basically a different design than the horizontal abrasive whitening machine. Actually the machine is partly a whitening machine and partly a polishing machine, with the whitening performance emphasized. It is called a jet pearler because it blows an airstream through the rice being processed in the machine. It was introduced about 10 years ago and is slowly gaining popularity.

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