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哪些後天因素可導致錯殆畸形的發生?_0

Posted By vickong pun     July 5, 2021    

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哪些後天因素可導致錯殆畸形的發生?

  哪些後天因素可導致錯殆畸形的發生?後天因素.指的是出生以後由全身和局部的環境因素造成情 稔畤形的各種因素。


(1)某些急性及慢性疾病:兒童時期患出疹性急性傳染病,如 麻疹、水痘、猩紅熱等,可影響全身骨骼系統的正常發育.同時也可 引起牙釉質發育不全和牙體解剖形態的異常。消化不良、結核病、 小兒麻辨症等慢性長期消耗性疾病也可妨礙颌骨的正常發育.造 成錯稔畤形.
(2)佝倭病:在嬰幼兒生長發育期間,紫外線照射不足造成維 生素I)缺乏而使食物中鈣磷攝入魚失去平衡.鈣質不能正常沈枳 在骨幣的生長部分,從而造成骨骼形態發生異常。發生在颌骨主 要表現爲上颌弓狹窄?腭蓋高拱’上前牙擁擠、前突和開稔等,還可 能導致乳牙及恒牙朗出遲緩.
(3)內分泌功能異常:垂體及甲狀腺與糟洽崎修的發生密切相 關.垂體功能亢進時,患者的前額、順骨及下頷均明顯前突.上下 颌牙弓錯位,舌體過大而出現牙間隙.牙齒灰黃;垂體功能不足時, 患者牙弓狹窄,腭蓋高拱,牙齒萌出及替換遲緩,牙體小,牙槽骨發 育不全。甲狀腺功能亢進時,乳、恒牙均早萌,牙齒呈青白色;而甲 狀腺功能不足時.牙弓狹窄.下颌發育不足.牙齒擁擠錯位,萌出次 序紊亂.牙槽骨鈣化不全等.
(4)營養不良:維生素A缺乏時.可能會出現牙齒萌出遲緩、牙齒發育不良,牙呈白垩色;B族維生素缺乏時,可出現牙齒生長 停滯、牙槽骨萎縮,也常伴有唇炎、口角炎、舌乳頭肥厚等;維生素 C缺乏時,可出現牙隈出血、水腫與充血,嚴重時可造成牙體組織 發育不良和牙槽骨萎縮,維生素D缺乏時,全身鈣磷代謝會出現 障礙.造成牙颌面崎形。

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