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拔牙前隱瞞病史,後果太可怕了

Posted By vickong pun     July 7, 2021    

Body

拔牙前隱瞞病史,後果太可怕了

        


            


        

            

                

                    

                        “
                        

                            

                    

                    


                        拔牙,作為牙科治療中較容易出現意外情況的治療項目,很大程度上與患者對牙科的認知不全、急於求治的心態有關。


                    


                        那麼,什麼情況下能拔牙,什麼情況下不能拔呢?


                    

                        

                            

                        ”

                

            

        

        


            


        


            在拔牙前,要如實告知身體狀況,這樣醫生會根據患者的健康狀況與病史決定是否進行拔牙手術或做相應準備,如麻藥的選擇、是否需要在心電監護下進行拔牙等等。


        


            


        


            切記,你對病史的告知,不僅關係著拔牙是否順利,更關係著你自己的人身健康,是對你自己的負責!


        


            


        


            如果你是以下12種疾病的患病人群,拔牙前一定要告知牙醫:


        


            


        


            


        


            


        


            


        

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


                                        1


                                

                            

                        

                    

                

                

                    月經期女性

            

        

        


            


        


            


        


            婦女在月經期原則上應當避免拔牙,因為月經期間牙槽可能發生代償性出血。但在月經期拔掉已經鬆動的牙,對病人沒有多大影響。一些“根深蒂固”的牙齒,如阻生牙或埋伏牙,則應等月經過後拔除。


        


            


        


            有資料显示,女性在月經周期的第10天左右拔牙最為適宜,此時傷口癒合比較快,不易發生細菌感染。


        


            


        


            


        

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


                                        2


                                

                            

                        

                    

                

                

                    妊娠期女性

            

        

        


            


        


            


        


            有人認為妊娠期間一律不可拔牙,因為可能導致流產。但大量臨床實踐表明,在妊娠3~7個月拔牙比較安全,對妊娠沒有什麼不良影響。在這個期間拔牙,還應注意以下幾點:


        


            


        


            


        


            


        


            ①在拔牙前一天和拔牙當天,肌內注射黃體酮10毫克。


        


            


        


            ②拔牙麻醉劑中不可加腎上腺素。


        


            


        


            ③麻醉必須完全,止痛效果要好。對有習慣性流產或習慣性早產史的病人,在妊娠期間禁止拔牙。


        


            


        


            


        

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


                                        3


                                

                            

                        

                    

                

                

                    心血管疾病患者

            

        

        


            


        


            


        


            有嚴重的心血管疾病和高血壓在180/100毫米汞柱以上的。一般的心臟病患者,只要沒有心功能不全的表現(如輕微活動或平卧時心慌氣短),都可以拔牙。


        


            


        


            但拔牙時應做到:麻醉劑中不要加腎上腺素,以免出現心動過速,誘發心衰;麻醉完全、動作輕巧,盡量減少不良刺激,出血或損傷;拔牙前後應給予抗感染預防處理,因為心臟病患者的抵抗力降低,較正常人容易合併感染。


        


            


        


            


        


            


        


            


        

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


                                        4


                                

                            

                        

                    

                

                

                    高血壓患者

            

        

        


            


        


            


        


            出血性疾病:如血友病、原發性血小板減少性紫癜的患者,體內凝血過程有障礙,故有出血傾向。拔牙后出血難止,會引起大出血而發生生命危險。


        


            


        


            而白血病患者,由於極易發生感染,拔牙后的創口也可成為一個感染灶,從而導致嚴重的全身性感染,且難以控制。因此,這些病員患牙病時,應作保守治療,禁忌拔牙。


        


            


        


            


        

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


                                        5


                                

                            

                        

                    

                

                

                    肝、腎功能疾病患者

            

        

        


            


        


            


        


            對急性期肝炎或肝功能損害嚴重者應暫緩拔牙,因為此類肝病可以銀凝血酶原及纖維蛋白缺乏,或肝臟無能力利用維生素K合成有關的凝血因子而導致術后出血不止,必須待疾病好轉后再行拔牙術。在術前事先給這類病人補充適量的維生素K,促進凝血酶原合成,以補充纖維蛋白原的不足,避免發生意外。


        


            


        


            有嚴重腎功能損害者不能拔牙,以免引起腎功能衰竭。一般腎臟病較輕者,拔牙前應注射抗生素以防拔牙造成的暫時性菌血症,促使腎病急性發作。


        


            


        


            


        

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


                                        6


                                

                            

                        

                    

                

                

                    糖尿病患者

            

        

        


            


        


            


        


            糖尿病病人因抵抗力降低,術后容易發生感染。


        


            


        


            病情重者應暫緩拔牙,對於必須拔牙的,應請內科醫師會診,術前服藥數周控制血糖穩定(一般拔牙適應症要求血糖控制在8.88mmol/L以下)。拔牙手術前後應使用抗生素以防併發感染。


        


            


        


            


        


            


        


            


        

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


                                        7


                                

                            

                        

                    

                

                

                    甲狀腺功能亢進

            

        

        


            


        


            


        


            此類病人可因感染、手術、焦慮引起甲狀腺危象,重者可引起衰竭甚至死亡,故不宜冒然拔牙。


        


            


        


            如必須拔牙時應做詳細檢查,使其基礎新陳代謝在 20%以下,脈搏每分鐘100次以下,麻藥中不加腎上腺素類血管收縮劑,手術前後應服用抗生素。


        


            


        


            


        

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


                                        8


                                

                            

                        

                    

                

                

                    性傳染病患者

            

        

        


            


        


            


        


            惡性貧血,嚴重的肺結核,營養不良,過度疲勞都可以降低機體的抵抗力,延遲傷口癒合,合併感染,因此應暫緩拔牙。


        


            


        


            


        

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


                                        9


                                

                            

                        

                    

                

                

                    器質性及功能性神經疾病患者

            

        

        


            


        


            


        


            有這種病的患者,應考慮術中及手術后誘發疾病發作的可能性,如必須拔牙,應在神經內科醫生會診於治療后才能進行手術,術前還應給予鎮靜劑。


        


            


        


            


        


            


        


            


        


            


        

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


                                        10


                                

                            

                        

                    

                

                

                    放射治療的患者

            

        

        


            


        


            


        


            在放射治療期間及治療結束后一年內不宜拔牙,以免引起放射性骨髓炎。放療一年後若必須拔牙時應使用抗生素預防術后感染。


        


            


        


            


        

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


                                        11


                                

                            

                        

                    

                

                

                    患牙位於惡性腫瘤區域的患者

            

        

        


            


        


            


        


            禁忌單獨拔牙,而應在切除腫瘤的同時,連同患牙整塊切除。所以如在患牙區有經久不愈的潰瘍,腫物時應先取活檢,排除惡性腫瘤后再拔牙。


        


            


        


            


        

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


                                        12


                                

                            

                        

                    

                

                

                    有血液疾病的患者

            

        

        


            


        


            


        


            存在像血友病、白血病、再生障礙性貧血、血小板減少性紫癜及壞血病等血液疾病的患者如果冒然拔牙,很可能因自身凝血功能不足而出現術后血流不止的情況,因此要避免拔牙。


        


            


        


            對於有長期貧血史、自述日常狀態良好者,應行血常規檢查后視具體情況而定,一般血紅蛋白在80g/L(8g/dl)以上者可拔牙。


        


            


        


            拔牙並不是醫生一項簡單的工作,在拔牙之前,許多事情都需要做好充分考慮,並有相應的處置預案,這樣,才能做到萬無一失。


        


            


        


            


        


            


        


            


    


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