An umbilical hernia is a relatively common condition that occurs when part of the intestine or abdominal tissue pushes through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles near the belly button (navel). While it can affect people of all ages, it's particularly common in newborns and infants. However, adults can develop umbilical hernias too, especially in cases of increased abdominal pressure.

What Causes an Umbilical Hernia?

In infants, umbilical hernias occur when the opening in the abdominal wall that allows the umbilical cord to pass through during fetal development doesn’t fully close after birth. In most cases, these hernias close on their own within the first few years of life.

In adults, causes may include:

  • Obesity
  • Multiple pregnancies
  • Fluid in the abdominal cavity (ascites)
  • Chronic coughing
  • Straining during bowel movements or heavy lifting
  • Previous abdominal surgeries

These factors can weaken the abdominal muscles or increase internal pressure, leading to the development of a hernia.

Signs and Symptoms

The most visible sign of an umbilical hernia is a soft bulge or swelling near the navel. This bulge may become more noticeable when coughing, crying, or straining and often reduces when lying down.

Other symptoms may include:

  • Mild discomfort or pain, especially when lifting or bending
  • A feeling of pressure in the abdomen
  • In rare cases, vomiting or signs of intestinal obstruction if the hernia becomes trapped (incarcerated) or the blood supply is cut off (strangulated), which requires immediate medical attention

Diagnosis

A physical examination by a healthcare provider is usually sufficient to diagnose an umbilical hernia. In some cases, imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scan may be recommended to assess the severity or to rule out complications.

Treatment Options

In Infants:

Most umbilical hernias in babies close on their own by the age of 1 or 2. Surgery may be recommended if:

  • The hernia hasn’t closed by age 4 or 5
  • The hernia is large or painful
  • There are signs of complications

In Adults:

Unlike in children, umbilical hernias in adults typically do not resolve on their own and often require surgical repair to prevent complications. Surgery involves pushing the herniated tissue back into place and reinforcing the abdominal wall with stitches or mesh. It is usually a straightforward outpatient procedure with a relatively quick recovery time.

Recovery and Prevention

Recovery from umbilical hernia surgery is generally fast, with most patients returning to normal activities within a week or two. However, strenuous activities should be avoided for several weeks to ensure proper healing.

To reduce the risk of recurrence or development of a hernia:

  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Avoid heavy lifting or learn proper techniques
  • Treat chronic cough or constipation
  • Strengthen core muscles safely with proper exercise

Final Thoughts

While umbilical hernias are often harmless, they can lead to discomfort and complications if left untreated—especially in adults. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can lead to excellent outcomes. If you notice a persistent bulge or discomfort near your belly button, it’s best to consult with a healthcare provider for evaluation and guidance.