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鎳鉻、鈷鉻、貴金屬和全瓷牙哪個好?資深牙醫告訴你!

Posted By vickong pun     July 8, 2021    

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鎳鉻、鈷鉻、貴金屬和全瓷牙哪個好?資深牙醫告訴你!

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                        


                            烤瓷牙,相信大眾們一定不陌生,是口腔修復中經常應用的修復體,用以恢復正常的牙體形態與美觀、缺牙后的修復以及根管治療后保護剩餘牙體組織等作用。


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            烤瓷牙通常分內層和外層,裏面為金屬,外面覆蓋美觀性極高的陶瓷材料,由於製作材料的不同,烤瓷牙家族的種類也格外豐富。


                        


                            


                        


                            今天就根據烤瓷牙內冠的材料差異,給大家科普下該如何選擇適宜自己的烤瓷牙。


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    

                                        

                                            

                                                

                                                    

                                                        

                                                            

                                                    

                                                

                                            

                                        

                                    

                                    

                                        

                                            

                                                


                                                    鎳鉻烤瓷合金


                                            

                                        

                                    

                                

                            

                        

                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            非貴金屬鎳鉻合金烤瓷牙是用鎳鉻合金作內冠,表層烤瓷。其材質是由:鎳、鉻、鈹、錳等金屬構成。特點是強度高,價格低,能夠形成緻密的氧化層,過去是國內使用最為普遍的一種烤瓷牙,近年來,公立醫院已經很少見該類烤瓷牙,因為鎳鉻合金最大的問題是部分患者可出現過敏癥狀。鎳鉻合金烤瓷牙對人的最大的刺激和不良反應主要來自於鎳金屬。由於鎳金屬相對於別的金屬來說活性較高,存在金屬的遊離釋放,產生牙齦的遊離黑線,和輕微的毒性反應。


                        


                            


                        


                            國外資料表明,戴用含鎳手飾的人群中,15~20%女性和1~2%的男性有過敏,出現皮膚粘膜的炎症反應,所以鎳鉻合金烤瓷牙在正規醫院口腔科已被淘汰。


                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    

                                        

                                            

                                                

                                                    

                                                        

                                                            

                                                    

                                                

                                            

                                        

                                    

                                    

                                        

                                            

                                                


                                                    貴金屬烤瓷合金


                                            

                                        

                                    

                                

                            

                        

                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            貴金屬烤瓷合金主要元素為金、鈀、鉑等,其突出的優點是,無毒無刺激,極少引起過敏,所製作的修復體精度很高。另外金合金橙黃底色與人體牙及齦組織色調接近,沒有灰黑色邊緣的問題,顯得美觀自然。


                        


                            


                        


                            貴金屬烤瓷憑藉其卓越的生物相容性一直受到業內人士的推薦,但由於貴金屬烤瓷修復的價格昂貴,國內普通患者較難接受。


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    

                                        

                                            

                                                

                                                    

                                                        

                                                            

                                                    

                                                

                                            

                                        

                                    

                                    

                                        

                                            

                                                


                                                    鈷鉻烤瓷合金


                                            

                                        

                                    

                                

                            

                        

                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            鎳鉻合金烤瓷有許多弊端,而貴金屬價格居高不下,普通老百姓很難接受,那麼中間價位的烤瓷誰可爭鋒?無疑鈷鉻合金烤瓷具有優勢,由於其不含有對人體有害的鎳元素與鈹元素,安全可靠且價格合理的鈷鉻合金已成為患者非貴金屬烤瓷修復的首選。


                        


                            


                        


                            鈷鉻合金則由性質較穩定的鈷金屬替代了鎳金屬,相比較而言,金屬性質穩定的多,對人的不良刺激小一些,並且鈷鉻金屬較鎳鉻金屬硬,耐磨耗,且和瓷粉的結合力也好一點。但它始終也是一種廉價的材料,並不是可以完全防止不良刺激和牙齦黑線,還不是最理想的修復材料。


                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    

                                        

                                            

                                                

                                                    

                                                        

                                                            

                                                    

                                                

                                            

                                        

                                    

                                    

                                        

                                            

                                                


                                                    全瓷牙


                                            

                                        

                                    

                                

                            

                        

                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            顧名思義,就是全部由瓷組成,沒有金屬內冠,所以在通透性、折光率、透明度上遠遠是金屬烤瓷牙所無法媲美的,所以全瓷牙比金屬烤瓷牙更加美觀,更加接近於自然牙,價格自然較高。然而,因為沒有金屬內冠的支撐,所以在強度方面較烤瓷牙稍差一些,因此更適合前牙的美學修復或后牙咬合不緊的病例。


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                        


                            目前,新研發的二氧化鋯全瓷牙在強度上有極大的改進,為醫師所推崇,可供患者選擇。


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            疑問:


                        


                            許多患者在做核磁共振前都被告知需要拆除金屬牙冠,那麼口腔用金屬對核磁共振究竟有多少影響呢?


                        


                            


                        


                            事實:


                        


                            口腔內的金屬修復體,在核磁共振檢查時,的確會對組織影像的準確度產生一定的影響。一項研究显示,相同成像序列中,金合金的影響最小,鈷鉻合金次之,鎳鉻合金最大,而全瓷冠因不具有金屬成分,故對影像檢查無任何不良影像。


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            總之,在選擇烤瓷牙材料的時候,應該結合自己的經濟情況和具體的牙體條件,在醫師的指導下挑選最適合自己的烤瓷牙,這樣才稱得上完美的診療體驗,故給予大夥以下建議:


                        


                            


                        


                            1、鈷鉻烤瓷有極微小的毒性,其毒性遠遠小於鎳鉻烤瓷,對人體幾乎無傷害,過敏人群接近於零,故適合經濟條件一般的人群。


                        


                            


                        


                            2、貴金烤瓷無疑是當今比較好的選擇,由於適合后牙牙體修復的人群,一來材料的生物相容性好,對牙周組織和人體基本無影響,二來其強度足夠,發生崩瓷的可能性低。


                        


                            


                        


                            3、全瓷牙兼具美觀和生物相容性,而且對日後核磁共振檢查無影響,所以適合經濟條件較好、對美觀要求高的人群。


                        


                            


                        


                            4、選擇材料時也因考慮自身身體條件,若有慢性系統疾病的人群,優先選擇全瓷冠,其次是貴金屬烤瓷冠。


                    

                

            

        

        

            

                

                    


                        


                

            

        

        

            

                

                    


                        


                    


                        


                    


                        


                

            

        

    


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