OSPF is a typical Link-state routing protocol, which is generally used in the same routing domain. Here, the routing domain refers to an Autonomous System (AS), which refers to a group of networks that exchange routing information with each other through a unified routing policy or protocol. In this AS, all OSPF routers maintain the same database describing the structure of this AS, which stores the state information of the corresponding links in the routing domain. It is through this database that OSPF routers calculate their OSPF routing tables.

On the security of information exchange, OSPF stipulates that any information exchange between routers can be authenticated when necessary, so as to ensure that only trusted routers can spread routing information. OSPF supports a variety of authentication mechanisms and allows different authentication mechanisms to be adopted in different areas. The application of the OSPF link state algorithm in a broadcast network (such as Ethernet) is optimized to make the best use of the hardware broadcast capability to deliver link state messages. Usually, a node in the topology diagram of the link state algorithm represents a router. If all k routers are connected to Ethernet, when the link state is broadcast, the number of messages about these k routers will reach k square. Therefore, OSPF allows a node to represent a broadcast network in the topology diagram. All routers in each broadcast network send link status messages to report the link status of the routers in the network.

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