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In the 14th century, China was considered not only as the most riches but the most technologically advanced nation among all other countries in the world. However, such excellence and accreditation gradually faded following the country’s stagnation of its economy relative to the west. In the following century, in its efforts towards modernity, the country experienced critical hurdles that inhibited its development success[footnoteRef:1]. In 1900, China was very weak and poor and at the same time was being oppressed by the outside imperialism. However, with use of strength and wealth, China has significantly grown in terms of development and it is almost catching up with world super powers including the U.S. The country has continued using modern democratic political systems in order to exercise its own intellectuals and also bring fortune to the nation. The history of modern China was done by Fair bank in the book, The Great China Revolution; 1800 to 1985. He employed the term revolution to refer to the changes that took place in China over the last 200 years. The changes comprised political, social, economic and cultural dimensions. [1: A. Reichwein, China and Europe: Intellectual and Artistic Contacts in the Eighteenth Century, trans. J. C. Powell, A. A. Knopf , New York, 1925, p. 47.]

The political systems of China were improved since leaders were appointed using very democratic means implying that justice in the nation was favored. The public was given power to dictate how their country would be governed. In terms of economic changes, the economic units were improved by 12%. This was particularly due to the proper utilization of the scarce resources. Following this, China was able to produce high-trained financial analysts to control the budget of China. In addition to this, there was a body of qualified auditors whose mandate was to ensure that the top government officials utilized the revenue collected from taxation properly. Owing to this, the level of funds embezzlement was reduced by 73 percent. The modernization was also a fundamental state of affair as it led to improved social factors. Due to modernization, the Chinese people were able to socialize well and this gave rise to inter-marriages. Inter-marriages are greater contributors to cultural interactions, which in turn gives rise to an improved society. People become socially acceptable and peace among people prevails regardless of the ethnicity, tribe or culture. This was exactly the case with China when modernity was taking shape. The overall result of Chinese decolonization development and modernization was prevalence of peace in the country as people mixed up owing to the continued intermarriages

Modernization

Modernization has different definitions depending on the field of study. However, the most commonly used definition is that modernization is a model of an evolutionary transition from the traditional to the modern society. Industrial modernization is also similar to this notion. It is the transition from traditional industries to modern technological industries. In the modern times, the Western nations have gained more wealth from the extensive nature of industrialization in their countries. However, other countries such as China have been on the rise in terms of industrialization and the western countries have perceived them as threatening their economies. However, these countries still experience some difficulties in trying to catch up with the western countries. In his social theory, Charles Darwin contended that competition among societies grows keener and keener. This is exactly how the world today is considering that countries like China are growing at a very rapid rate.

The onset of Chinese modernization can be said to be motivated by movements that were formed during this period. These movements were used to mobilize the modernization that took place in China. There were four critical movements, which included the Self-Strengthening Movement (1860-1894), the second one was the Reform Movement (1894-1898), the Constitutional Movement (1905-1912) and the May/New Cultural Movement (1916-1921). These movements helped to create an opportunity for China to conduct its military or religious operations in the West. These operations are what gave rise to the relationship between China and the western countries, which was the basis of the positive implications of Chinese modernization on the western countries.

These four movements helped China interact with the western countries. For instance, while the military operations provided peace and order in times of war, the Constitutional movement created an institutional reform in China thus improving the democracy in the West. The West interacted with China with a sole aim of benefiting from the military forces available. This was in adherence with the Peace Agreement that was made between China and the West which stated that China would provide military weapons to the West in order to strengthen the military forces in those nations. The agreement also stated that during war instances, the Chinese military would participate to contribute in defending the West nations. Therefore, the interaction existed as a peace booster to the West. Also, the Chinese offered training to the military personnel of the Western nations. This further increased the benefits that the western countries obtained from China.[footnoteRef:2] [2: A. Reichwein, China and Europe: Intellectual and Artistic Contacts in the Eighteenth Century, trans. J. C. Powell, A. A. Knopf , New York, 1925, p. 47. ]

Development

Following modernization, a significant range of dynamic changes took place and these were not only to the benefit of the Chinese community but to the western countries, as well. Due to the modernization phase, China was able to increase its total productivity. This effect continued all through to the modern day where China is among the notable countries in terms of production. This can be evidenced by the current country’s GDP. The delocalization and modernization phases of the Chinese countries benefited the western countries. Among these benefits achieved were related to historical, political, economic, military, social and cultural dimensions. Indeed, as Bickers, indicates, were it not for these attainments from the Chinese community, the West would be lag behind taking development and modernization into account[footnoteRef:3]. The Chinese contributions from the interaction boosted developments in the West. These developments are to be discussed below giving attention as to how the West was able to interact with China taking into account the difference in levels of development[footnoteRef:4]. [3: R, Bickers, The Scramble for China: Foreign Devils in the Qing Empire, 1832-1914, City of Westminster, Penguin Books, 2011. p. 100.] [4: P.C. Perdue, China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 2005, p. 89.]

The Chinese nationalists agreed on the desirability of the overall Chinese states in relation to the West. However, there was a disagreement regarding the policies that that would lead to a better China, as well as, policies involving the state’s structure and the overall achievement. The question on what benefits that China would realize in case it merged with the external powers became emergent. The Chinese thought that the people from the West would benefit from their decolonization while its people would not. In fact, the West benefited much from the decolonization as compared to the Chinese community. The political leaders from the West advocated on the measures that would easily boost this relationship in order to derive maximum benefits from the decolonization. They came up with special agreements that united them for a considerable period of time in order to ensure that they enjoy the benefits much more time before China realizes. In the agreement, each nation was required to be always at the aid of each other in case of crisis[footnoteRef:5] [5: G.F. Hudson, Europe and China: A Survey of Their Relations from the Earliest Times to 1800, Edward Arnold and Co., London, 1931, p. 78. ]

Significance of Chinese Decolonization

The benefits that the Western countries obtained from the China’s decolonization were indeed significant. The first can be derived from the Chinese great inventions. China was quite developed and had many literate people who were able to come up with a wide range of high quality inventions. In the period starting from 1800 to 1950, the inventors were able to develop multiple inventions including papermaking, the compass, printing and gunpowder. The Chinese also came up with new technologies that included the mechanics, hydraulics, mathematics, engineering, music and warfare. Further inventions included matches, wheelbarrows, the decimal system, waterwheel, the sundial, lacquer paint, pottery wheel, fireworks, paper money, seismograph, kites, umbrellas, ink, calligraphy, animal harness, playing cards, printing abacus, the crossbow and ice cream. Thus, the West depended on China in obtaining all these items, which the western countries did not have the slightest idea concerning the manner in which they were produced[footnoteRef:6]. Were it not for the modernization phase, the western countries would not have been able to obtain these inventions. [6: A. Rahman and Project of History of Indian Science, Philosophy, and Culture, India's Interaction with China, Central and West Asia, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2002, p. 11. ]

China modernization also had a lot to do with the science and technology. In the 19th and 20th century, the introduction of the Western technology was a great factor in the modernization that took place in China[footnoteRef:7]. Chinese innovation played an important role in the international economic diplomacy. With the Chinese economy growing, the West has also experienced rise in its economic activities. China leadership considers the innovation relevant in the daily aspects of its operations since they are great contributes to the economy. The Chinese government today fully supports the industrial sector by providing incentives and subsidies thus encouraging more inventions. Indeed, this is the reason why the industrial sector in China is the leading economic contributor. [7: W. Chai, The New Politics of Communist China: Modernization Process of a Developing Nation, Goodyear Pub. Co., Pacific Palisades, California, 1972, p. 66. ]

The Chinese government interacted with the West governments and shared the innovations at a subsidized cost thereby increasing the trading activities of the nations of the West. The local investors utilized the innovations owing to the fact that they were not only cheap but readily affordable. The local government also motivated the use of these innovations by giving the investors financial assistance in terms of loans and other incentives.

The other benefit was the increment in trading activities between China and the West the level of trading increased by 700%. The West really needed the Chinese economy when it came to the supply of products that it could not produce. The increase took place around 1990s and until now, China is the largest trading partner of the West. There was the forum that came up in 0ctober 2000 whose sole purpose to strengthen this trading relationship.

The modernization promoted the trading activity in the West since more products and services were from China. This rise in trading activities ensured between 1800 and 1950 owing to the fact that many products from China were now available. Besides the west benefiting, China was also on course. The country was able to obtain a wide range of raw material and agricultural products for the western industries and also relied on the west to provide major tools that were essential in the trading process. Thus, the West obtained a lot of money from this process despite the fact that they also gave up a lot. The use of acceptable means of exchange including money and other valuables legalized by the Chinese decolonization mobilized all these exchanges.

The West also achieved economic development owing to the Chinese modernization. To start with, multiple benefits were associated with the trading activities that took place during the decolonization in China. There was a ready market for the agricultural products and the minerals that came from the West. These formed the raw materials for Chinese industries. Therefore, they had top rely on the western countries. The West increased its foreign earnings due to the exports made to China thereby boosting the net national product in the Western nations. There was 76% increase in the overall net product accounting for exports made to China only. The taxation levels also increased by 38% owing to the fact that the rates imposed on the exports and imports was high[footnoteRef:8]. [8: Dean, G. C. Science and Technology in the Development of Modern China: An Annotated Bibliography, Mansell Information Pub., London, 1974, p. 66. ]

The level of external debts in the western countries also decreased in a significant manner. They mobilized the West to come up with projects that would produce a lot on its own economy therefore becoming more self-reliant as compared to the past before the Chinese modernization thus reducing the rate of external debts by 45%. The fact that the West was able to finance its projects was evident of the reduction of depending on the external sources of finance.

The modernization also helped the West in carrying out expensive projects that would help in clearing the debts it owed to other nations. The nations in the West were also in position to give out loans among themselves other than relying on other continents. Trade rise helped the nations increase on their earning levels and finally the excess used for loaning to other nations within the West[footnoteRef:9]. [9: G. F. Hudson, Europe and China: A Survey of Their Relations from the Earliest Times to 1800, London, Edward Arnold and Co., 1931. p. 66. ]

The trade between these tow countries enabled the West to diversify their economy since it could now produce various products in their industries. Further, there was a great reduction in the levels of unemployment among the people of the West since the trading activities provided employment to many unemployed individuals. Also, a significant number crossed to China to seek employment opportunities, which were readily available to them owing to the continued healthy relationships between the two regions. In addition to this, the industries that greatly developed in China offered million jobs to the people of the West.

Moreover, the Chinese modernization helped in boosting the economy of the West by controlling the inflation levels that were rising up at a terrifying rate. Due to these, China emerged as a global player economically and, thus became the second largest global economy contributor after the U.S.A.

The Chinese development put much emphasis on the strong economic growth so that the stability provides an environment for developing a strong industrial base for the Western nations. China offered loans at low interest rates to the West to boost their economic growth. It treated these nations equally despite their differences in their economic and political strengths. There was 45% rise in the GDP attributed to the Chinese involvement at the Western markets. China, in addition to this, offered a ready market for the increased output from the West. It also guided the West investors on the available markets internationally. Thus, there was always a ready market and this contributed to the increase of the GDP of the West nations[footnoteRef:10]. The interactions also led to better positioning of the West and this was critical as it helped the west acquire the current GDP. Financial analysts argue that the West would not have realized the rise of GDP unless there were increased trading activities with other nations. This was possible through the Chinese modernization as it opened the West to the outside world. [10: P.C. Perdue, China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 2005, p. 66.]

China modernization provided the Western nations with properly trained personnel who were able to control major economic activities in these countries. To start with, Chinese government freely provided budget experts who effectively carried out budget functions in the western countries. They had knowledge on the revenues required to finance the various government expenditure thereby ensuring that the budget that covered all economic elements and agents were drawn. They put up measures that ensured that the budgets adhered to standards and also ensured that there ware no misappropriation of resources allocated in the budget. Besides budget experts, there were trained accountant who had the knowledge on how to manage the resources that were scarce in the Western nations. They ensured that these scarce resources were used rightly aiming at increasing the overall output in the nations. The accountants and financial analysts advised the governments on the most appropriate investments to undertake in order to obtain maximum profits. In addition, there were trained lawyers educated in Chinese schools of law. These lawyers went to the West to help defend them in the courts of law in case of legal suits. All these personnel boosted the economic levels and this was evident from the rise in the various figures produced by the financial analysts from China.

Generally, the role and effects of the Chinese modernization was of much significance in the West. There were also trained personnel in the area of economic development who directed the West governments on the developments programs that are likely to yield more benefits to their economies. The interactions helped them identify what they could not since the highly qualified personnel who originated from China did make this easier. If these personnel were drawn from elsewhere, the western countries would have incurred heavy costs in attempting to hire them.

China provided the West with its trained personnel to work in the industries a thing that helped boost the industrialization in the West. The labor force had the required skills and this contributed much to the quality of industrial output, which in turn helped increase the level of exports and thus foreign earning to the West nations.

The west also benefited much from the technology established in China between 1800 and 1950. China had invented many things that were necessary in the factories that were set up in the West[footnoteRef:11]. The labor force that was imported from China was conversant with these technologies and once it arrived in the west, it operated these machines in the western factories without any training. The overall was a positive rise in the levels of industries, production and quality in the western markets. However, the most significant thing was the 34% rise in number of industries in the West. The inventions such as hydraulic machines were beneficial in the industries as they carried output of important functions in the factories. [11: C. J. Christie, A Modern History of Southeast Asia: Decolonization, Nationalism and Separatism, Tauris Academic Studies, London, 1996, p. 99.]

The core idea behind modernization and decolonization in China was the economy as well as technological advancements that brought about a coherent set of social and political changes manifested in the West. The economic and technological development linked to the pervasive change in individual’s beliefs and motivations. These changes are responsible for the role of religions, human fertility rates, sexual norms and the gender roles. They lead to the growing mass demand for democratic institutions and, therefore, more responsive behavior of different elites. In addition, these changes caused democracy to increase, thus minimizing the chances of war in the West. In this context, there was an improvement in the political systems and thus more just political practice and this is the nature that democracy takes. The economic reforms under the Chinese modernization were also beneficial to all states in the West. Particularly, the reforms mobilized the government to undertake the activities that would improve the economic situations in their countries. Besides the increase in GDP, the reforms helped raise the general purchasing power ands also greatly impacted on the West’s currency in a positive way. Following these reforms, the western currencies started appreciating in value and this signified a growing economy. The appreciation was important to enable the related nation to realize better sales at the international markets. External buyers preferred buying using these western currencies the core reason behind this being that there was less taxation effect on the same and this had an influence on the level of inflation-it went down. According to Zimmerer and Young, the appreciation in the currency curbed inflation by 34%[footnoteRef:12]. The overall result was an improved economy whose currency could penetrate into the international markets and place the nations at better trade positions compared to the other nations. This increased the competition in the Western nations, thus boosting economic developments[footnoteRef:13]. [12: K. S. Zimmerer and K.R. Young, Nature's Geography: New Lessons for Conservation in Developing Countries, The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1998, p. 212. ] [13: T.F. Carter, The Invention of Printing in China and Its Spread Westward, Columbia University Press, New York, 1925, p. 122. ]

Foreign Investment

In the introduction of the economic reform and the open door policy in 1978, the West has been disadvantaged in the economic perspective since it gives less return to investors as compared to the Eastern competitors[footnoteRef:14]. During their interaction with China during the development phase, the western countries’ main objective was to boost and promote the foreign investments through creation of more stable investing environment and through the infrastructure construction. The construction helped in the trading activities in the sense that the transportation of products transported and marketing of products was made simple. The Western development projects were largely successful and this was essential as this boosted the foreign investment. Statistics shows that there was growth in the foreign investment in Western regions of the U.S. Indeed, the growth in 2001 stood at US $ 1,922.19 million up from $1,837.35 million in 1999. These impacts extended to China, particularly to Guizhou where foreigners introduced their investments. [14: T.F. Carter, The Invention of Printing in China and Its Spread Westward, Columbia University Press, New York, 1925, p. 77. ]

To foreign investors, the rate of taxation increased following these foreign ventures in China. However, the Chinese government established subsidies and incentives that greatly motivated the foreign investors into conducting business in China. For instance, it was announced that foreign investors would get a 5-year tax holiday and VAT tax rates would be downsized. In addition to this, the Chinese government indicated that there would be zero-rated taxation on the raw material imported by the investors. The interactions with China ensured that whatever formed the exports from the West got a ready market in China. This motivated the investors since the final products had a ready market in the international trade[footnoteRef:15] [15: K. S. Zimmerer and K.R. Young, Nature's Geography: New Lessons for Conservation in Developing Countries, The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1998, p. 113. ]

The process of globalization of businesses in China also boosted the external relations of the countries of the West; the employment opportunities doubled. With more and more foreign investments in china it implied that there were more working opportunities. Therefore, a great number of Chinese people ended up benefiting from the presence of foreigners in their land. They were also able to obtain the Chinese population seeking work from these foreign investments also benefited the foreigners in that they provided cheap labor involving unskilled and semi-skilled laborers.

Political Stability

Despite the inventions that China transferred to the West, the Chinese ideas had many impacts on the political and social development in the West. Quesnay and the physiocrats argued that, if properly enlightened, the governments of the West should fully operate in accordance with the economic and the social laws referred to as the Natural Order. In their arguments, they referred to the Western governments as being so reliant on the external administrators in formulating the laws and orders. The prevalence of a calm political environment implied that tribal wars, which had been a predominant feature in the past, were no longer there. This calm political environment was promoted by the fact that the Chinese people were in better position of providing legislative functions. This enabled the political systems to improve through public’s decision-making empowerment on critical issues. The political systems stabilized thereby leading to a further calm political atmosphere. In the Western political dimension, the political analysts from China offered the western leaders with leadership tips. Such an interaction interactions resulted into the prevalence of peace in the West. In addition to this, the nationalism characterized by the national flag and national anthem helped in bringing peace to the West[footnoteRef:16] [16: G. Rozman and T.P. Bernstein, The Modernization of China Free Press, New York, 1981, p. 99. ]

Effects on Human Rights

China had the role of ensuring that there was a peaceful environment in the West and this included protection of human rights. For the past 30 years, China has had a significant contribution to the international human right dimension. China signed the most important treaties that enabled it to interact with the different international human rights institutions. The details of these treaties spelled benefits to the Western counties. From his research study, Rozman and Bernstein indicate that there was a direct link between the China’s foreign policy and the human right bodies in the West[footnoteRef:17]. During the decolonization era, the West was able to have proper administration and this assisted greatly in boosting the human rights. As Spence puts it, there were better and strong bodies that were able to defend the individuals against violation of human rights[footnoteRef:18]. The China’s attitude towards the international human rights regimes is composed of the ultimate willingness when it comes to abiding to the international norms. [17: G. Rozman and T.P. Bernstein, The Modernization of China Free Press, New York, 1981, p. 99] [18: J. Spence, The Search for Modern China, New York, NY, W. W. Norton & Co, 1999, p. 47.]

Chinese government trained special lawyers whom they reallocated to the West and this was essential to the acknowledgement of international human rights[footnoteRef:19]. These lawyers trained the human rights practitioners in the west on the best techniques to apply in their work. Following this, more people became aware of human rights and this further developed the Western society into a more livable and a caring society. [19: A. Reichwein, China and Europe: Intellectual and Artistic Contacts in the Eighteenth Century, trans. J. C. Powell, A. A. Knopf , New York, 1925, p. 121. ]

Human rights protection is quite necessary in every nation. Among the Western countries, this was an area neglected by the political leaders previously before China came into picture. As such, in Western countries, the abuse of human rights was wide and rarely was the citizens given the chance to enjoy their rights despite being stipulated as a requirement in the constitutions. The trained lawyers from China ensured that this was completely changed and that the requirements in the constitutions were adhered to regarding protection of human rights. The Chinese government also instructed the West on what was required of them when it came to this discipline. It was practical since the Chinese demanded the fulfillment of the requirements by the West West before any form of assistance from China, whether legal or financial assistance would be advanced to these countries.

The Chinese modernization enabled the Chinese society to establish international non-governmental human rights organization with an aim of facilitating its control and administration to the Western nations. These organization included Amnesty International, International Service for Human Right, FIDH and the Human Right Watch. These organizations checked on issues compromising the human rights worldwide including the West and also ensured that each political system that ruled the West nations defended the human rights[footnoteRef:20]. [20: Y. Zheng, Discovering Chinese Nationalism in China: Modernization, Identity, and International Relations, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999, p. 111. ]

Chinese modernization was relevant since it financed the activities of these non-governmental organizations. In fact, after decolonization, the China’s government played the role of supervising the works and responsibilities undertaken by these organizations. These organizations translated the complex international laws and related issues into simpler activities for the leaders and citizens of the concerned local communities in the West. The organizations engaged in lobbying and advocacy works focusing at convincing the political systems in the West to adopt their policies on human rights protection. Chinese government authorized these organizations, hence gave them the mandate to penetrate the nations in the West. Defending human rights required that the participation of all parties and also ensuring that no party was undermined in any particular way or manner. The disadvantaged members of the society and the minority groups were more prone to various types of abuse since they were undermined and their role in the society ignored. As an illustration of human right abuse, minority groups and the less fortunate in the Western countries were only significant when the political leaders were engaging themselves in political campaigns. The non-governmental organizations established were particularly essential as they ensured that the lower level citizens also contributed to the economic developments. The organizations came up with programs aimed specifically at ensuring that these minority groups were adequately represented[footnoteRef:21]. China government ensured that the Western leaders adhered to the laws and regulations and through this, there was stronger human right defense systems aimed at improving the human rights related issues of the systems controlled the human behavior in the nations and improved the way the government safeguarded the human rights. [21: K. S. Zimmerer and K.R. Young, Nature's Geography: New Lessons for Conservation in Developing Countries, The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1998, p. 212. ]

The Chinese leaders had great revaluation and redefinition of state identity in the late 1970’s. This affected China relationship with the external world and the West being inclusive. This was the main reason why China changed its approach to the international human rights regimes. In the last two decades, China’s stance moved closer to the internationally accepted standards thus conforming China to the international human right norms. Owing to this, there was the possibility of controlling the West in the sense that there was no discrimination characterizing the Chinese efforts. Indeed, they were internationally acknowledged implying that they were fair and promoted equity. Adding to this, the government of China was able to monitor the West owing to the fact that it was politically stable as compared to the state of affairs in these nations. The international influence on China improved the foreign policy applied in the Western nations. China went ahead and redefined the identity of modern socialist state, thus expanding its interactions with the international human rights community. However, this did not alter the China’s approach to human rights. The Chinese state took the role in the overall process of identifying change and the future changes in the Human Resource policies and the Western governments adopted the use of these policies. The citizens benefited from these policies since they had clear distinctions as to the manner in which every individual should be handled.

China increased its participation in the international human right programs and this has been acknowledged as consistent with Deng’s proposition that China required a peaceful international climate to enable it to conduct its duties in the West. The Chinese lawyers who influenced the way the West mobilized its ruling while controlling the overall judicial process formulated these policies. This has been referred as qualitative and has had major impacts on the change in the China’s identity on its social, economic, and political development.

Introduction of Civil Service

In the Western region, civil service has become an accepted institution just like other democratic nations including China. However, as a disciple, the civil service did not originate from the West or Europe. It originated from the U.S where congress was passing the legislation leading to Great Britain and France.

China was the first nation to install the merit system. As such, it inaugurated the process that later became the most widespread system used to examine the competitive governments in the West. In 1905, China had the majority of applicants in the public offices and qualified for them and was successful in their applications. This implied that China had the adequate knowledge on the civil service, which was deemed vital in the interaction of the Chinese community with the West[footnoteRef:22]. This interaction provided a calm atmosphere for China to transfer the civil service knowledge and practices to the Western nations. [22: C. J. Christie, A Modern History of Southeast Asia: Decolonization, Nationalism and Separatism, London, Tauris Academic Studies, 1996, p. 111. ]

The civil system was one of the most important ideas that the West obtained from the China’s interactions. While China was developing, there were also developments in the West owing to the civil stems introduced. These ideas have greatly led to the West civilization in the fields of politics, sociology, economics and literature. The West used the knowledge acquired from the Chinese government in running their civil service systems after introduction. This civil service interaction can be summed up as having had a positive impact in the the justice administration processes in the West.

Creation of Economic Relations Commission

According to Spence, the West did not have the ability to conduct and organize itself economically[footnoteRef:23]. In fact, it relied on the Chinese government in terms of economic development. The Chinese government had the responsibility of ensuring that the Central governments among the West properly created reforms that ensured that the economic activities performed best. The requirement to have a strong economic base in the West was mandated by China. China came up with different procedures that required the services of financial advisors not from any other country but from China only. The advisors worked in collaboration with the functional departments of the municipal government of China with a core aim of administrating the foreign economic and trade cooperation with the West. The commission is useful to the people of the West and the related economy in that it formulates and also implements the development strategies. It also promotes the trade with modern technology. It applies unique and appropriate scientific development plans in the international trade while developing the clear administrative procedures and coming up with annual targets that the West need to meet in order to fulfill their budgets[footnoteRef:24]. In addition to this, the commission also gives a lot of guidance for the high-tech enterprises to facilitate the export of external product. This creates a stable export base for the agricultural products and raw materials from the West. [23: J. Spence, The Search for Modern China, New York, NY, W. W. Norton & Co, 1999, p. 45.] [24: G. Rozman and T.P. Bernstein, The Modernization of China Free Press, New York, 1981.]

The Chinese modernization had a lot of impact on the elimination of international trade barriers that were preventing the West from trading internationally. The commissions run by the Chinese analysts have the duty of researching on the technical barriers and come up with the measures for eliminating the barriers. This opens the international markets to allow the West to penetrate easily. The interaction with the developing China helped the commission to create special trade protectionism systems. These protection policies helped to eliminate the discrimination that the West experienced from other developed nations at the international markets. The developed economies viewed the products from West as inferior and thus preferred products from other nations. This suppressed international trading fro many western countries.

With the Chinese intervention, this course changed and with elimination of trade barriers, the trading scope for the West was enlarged. The commissions introduced new aspects of trading. One of the significant was E-commerce, which was later adopted by many organizations, besides the tradition physical commerce. As a result, they were able to advertise and sell their products online while still enjoying their physical presence in the physical market. This was beneficial in that it reduced the cost of marketing products. As Peter Connell contends, the level of exports in the West increased by 34%, from $1.bn to $1.9[footnoteRef:25]. [25: P. C. Perdue, China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia, Cambridge, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005, p. 66. ]

Conclusion

It was the purpose of this paper to access the Chinese delocalization, development and modernity that took place in China between 1900 and 1950. It has been established that western countries benefited a lot from the interaction involved. On the other hand, China also benefited from the western countries. Therefore, the effect arising from these three concepts was a symbiotic effect. These developments have been described as what given shape to the present western countries, as well as, China.

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