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It was formerly known as ICP-AES, which stands for Inductively Coupled Plasma – Atomic Emission Spectrometry. However, ever since the development of ICP-MS, which is also a technique for Atomic Emission Spectrometry, and ever since AES is solely devoted to Auger Electron Spectroscopy, ICP-AES has become the more common name for the method. ICP-AES is a type of elemental analysis that can be used to examine more than 70 of the elements found on the periodic table.

As implied by its moniker, the ICP-AES method of measurement is based on the emission phenomenon. After a series of procedures, the system receives samples, and then it proceeds to excite the atoms and ions of various elements.

Atoms and ions of elements release photons at specific wavelengths when they go through the process of de-excitation. There is a simultaneous emission of a large number of photons with varying intensities in every direction.

Ionized gas that is electrically neutral on a global scale is what we mean when we talk about plasma. An external source of energy, such as a spark, is required to produce this ionized gas. After this, the plasma must be maintained by means of an electrical field, which is accomplished through the utilization of an induction coil and an RF generator. In order for the sample to be atomized and eventually ionized, the plasma has the ability to transfer some of its own energy to it.

Plasmas are particularly useful for emission spectrometry because they can be heated to high temperatures and maintain their stability. The significance of the emission phenomenon increases in direct proportion to the temperature. Numerous elements give off photons, which can then be used to analyze them.

The information obtained through ICP-AES is both qualitative and quantitative regarding the elements that are present in a sample. Since each line is diagnostic of a particular element, the demonstration of the presence of that element requires the attribution of several lines to that element.

The user is responsible for performing a calibration prior to each analysis in order to obtain quantitative information, which can then be interpreted. Different applications may call for different calibration methods, including the following:Calibration from the outside, addition of standards, and matrix matching.

ICP-AES is capable of analyzing the following types of samples:

ICP-AES is a method that is specifically designed for use with liquid samples. Samples are typically aqueous in nature, consisting of water or solids that have been subjected to acid digestion (such as soils, steels, and sludges), or alkali flux preparation (such as geological samples and ceramics). ICP-AES is also capable of easily handling a wide variety of organic matrices, including kerosene, xylene, white spirit, hexane, ethanol, and ketones, amongst others. This paves the way for the investigation of a wide variety of compounds, including those that are soluble in organic solvents (such as edible oils, pharmaceutical compounds, and lubricating oils).

ICP-AES can be used to perform analyses on solid samples with the help of specialized introduction accessories like Spark Ablation (SPAB), Laser Ablation (LA), or Electro Thermal Vaporization (ETV). The required levels of performance and the nature of the material being examined should guide the selection of the appropriate accessory. These accessories are all detrimental to the sample in some way.

Spark Ablation, also known as SPAB, is a method for analyzing conductive solids that uses a spark discharge. After that, a flow of argon is utilized to bring the solid into contact with the plasma. It is recommended that calibration be performed utilizing materials of the same nature as the sample; however, the use of SPAB should be restricted to metallurgical samples. Ablation with a LaserLaser Ablation (LA) is an effective method for performing analysis on all types of solids, regardless of whether they are conductive or non-conductive, and it possesses the ability to zero in on specific regions of the sample's surface area. Calibration ought to be carried out using materials that are analogous to the sample (known as Certified Reference Materials or CRM), and in point of fact, this step restricts the application of LA to metallurgical samples or geological samples, both of which have a large number of CRMs available.

Electro Thermal Vaporization is a reliable method for conducting analysis on a wide variety of sample types. The only requirement is that the sample be cut up into small pieces so that it can be placed in a graphite tube. Other than that, there are no other restrictions. ETV is utilized for the analysis of traces in materials such as solar cells and ultra high purity carbon. It has the potential to provide a higher level of sensitivity when compared to SPAB or LA. This accessory's use can be simplified by the fact that calibration can be performed with water samples, and its capabilities can be expanded as a result.