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早期發現口腔癌,原來並不難(人人都需要的自檢術)

Posted By vickong pun     July 11, 2021    

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早期發現口腔癌,原來並不難(人人都需要的自檢術)

            

                


                    


                


                    


            

            

                


                    最近,又一名影視明星因癌症去世。他的聲音曾陪伴着一代人的成長,他的離去又讓這一代人感到悲傷。


                


                    


                


                    悲傷之餘,很多人都在反思如何讓自己的身體更健康——其實,早期發現疾病很重要。對於口腔癌來說,也一樣。


                


                    


                


                    


                


                    


                


                    口腔癌早期通常沒有癥狀——你根本感覺不到自己生病,而且很多口腔癌的危險因素都是可以避免的。因此,我們需要從預防口腔癌和提早發現口腔癌的角度出發,最大程度地避免口腔癌。


                


                    


                


                    


                


                    


                

                    

                        

                            預防口腔癌

                        

                            

                                

                            

                                

                        

                    

                

                


                    


                


                    以下這些是導致口腔癌發生的危險因素:


                


                    


                

                        
                            


                                吸煙:


                            


                                


                        
                        
                            


                                酗酒:


                        
                    

                


                    疾控中心定義酗酒為每天飲酒超過兩個標準杯(男士)或一個標準杯(女士)。


                


                    (標準杯—指任何飲料含有大致相當量的乙醇(克)。在英國採用的是單位,1單位的酒精飲料約含乙醇8~9克。在北美洲1標準杯含乙醇12克。)


                


                    


                


                    3. 反覆暴露在太陽光下:


                


                    反覆暴露在太陽光下可能會導致唇癌,也會增加病毒感染風險。


                


                    


                


                    4.日常膳食中水果蔬菜的食用偏少


                


                    


                


                    如果以前得過口腔癌,暴露在以上危險因素中,癌症極有可能複發。


                


                    


                


                    


                

                    

                        

                            口腔癌的預警信號

                        

                            

                                

                            

                                

                        

                    

                

                


                    


                


                    如有以下情形,就要當心了:


                

                        
                            


                                口腔組織變化(紅色/白色斑塊,異常紋理)


                        
                        
                            


                                頑固性口腔潰瘍


                        
                        
                            


                                吞咽困難


                        
                        
                            


                                慢性咽喉炎


                        
                        
                            


                                頸部腫塊(特別是沒有感覺的腫塊)


                            


                                

                                圖為鱗狀細胞癌三期患者


                            


                                表現為嗓音沙啞,頸部突然出現了腫塊。


                        
                    
                    


                        


                    

                          
                              


                                  口腔或耳部疼痛


                          
                      
                      


                          


                      


                          


                      

                          

                              

                                  如何自檢口腔癌?

                              

                                  

                                      

                                  

                                      

                              

                          

                      

                      


                          


                      

                          

                              

                                  

                                      

                                          1

                                  

                              

                              

                                  口腔外部(面部和頸部)

                          

                      

                      


                          


                      

                            
                                


                                    自檢目標:腫塊和紋理


                            
                            
                                


                                    檢查方式:用力下壓直至觸摸到深處的節點


                            
                            
                                


                                    發現異常:看口腔頜面外科或者口腔頜面頭頸腫瘤科


                            
                            
                                


                                    檢查步驟:


                            
                        
                        


                            


                        


                            1-下頜連接處:張閉口


                        


                            


                        


                            


                        


                            2-從耳後開始沿着頸部往下觸摸


                        


                            


                        


                            


                        


                            3-側頸部肌肉(SideNeck Muscle,簡稱SCM):下巴右轉,觸摸左側肌肉;下巴左轉,觸摸右側肌肉。


                        


                            


                        


                            4-用手捏住食管,做吞咽動作


                        


                            


                        


                            5-下巴向後收:掌心向上,手指內側對着自己,手指勾住下頜骨,觸摸四周。

                            


                        


                            6-抓住鎖骨:檢查鎖骨弓部


                        


                            


                        


                            


                        

                            

                                

                                    

                                        

                                            2

                                    

                                

                                

                                    口腔內部(嘴巴裏面)

                            

                        

                        

                              
                                  


                                      自檢準備:


                                  


                                      1.充足的光線(手電筒)


                                  


                                      2.毛巾或紗布(用來拽出舌頭)


                              
                          
                          


                              


                          

                                
                                    


                                        尋找目標:色差、組織結構變化、損傷和腫塊


                                    


                                        


                                
                                
                                    


                                        檢查方式:觀察異常,包括


                                    


                                        1-口腔底*  


                                    


                                        2-口腔頂  


                                    


                                        3-兩頰  


                                    


                                        4-雙唇  


                                    


                                        5-舌頭*  


                                    


                                        6- 咽喉後部    


                                    


                                        *檢查舌頭和口腔底時需要格外仔細。這兩處病變佔據癌變的60%。


                                    


                                        


                                
                                
                                    


                                        發現異常:給異常部位拍照,並預約看牙醫


                                    


                                        


                                
                            
                            


                                


                            


                                


                            

                                

                                    

                                        口腔癌篩查六個步驟

                                    

                                        

                                            

                                        

                                            

                                    

                                

                            

                            


                                


                            第一步: 用紗布擦拭舌頭
                            


                                

                                


                            


                                盡可能伸長舌頭,檢查兩側和背面是否有白色或紅色斑塊,觸摸舌頭上是否有腫塊。


                            


                                


                            


                                注意:上述部位是非吸煙人群患口腔癌最常見的癌變部位。


                            


                                


                            


                                第二步:檢查嘴唇和頰黏膜


                            


                                

                                  


                            


                                檢查上述部位是否有腫塊或異常突起,是否有異常的白色或紅色區域。


                            


                                


                            第三步:雙位探查
                            


                                

                                  


                            


                                雙手同時從口腔底的頂部和底部檢查是否有腫塊,並檢查上述部位是否有白色或紅色斑紋。


                            


                                


                            第四步:撓上顎
                            


                                

                                  


                            


                                檢查口腔頂部是否有腫塊,硬齶上是否有軟化區域,檢查上述部位是否有白色或紅色斑紋。


                            


                                


                            第五步:撫摸頸部
                            


                                

                                  


                            


                                如在頸部觸及增大的淋巴結,表明可能有更嚴重的疾病。


                            


                                


                            第六步:檢查扁桃體

            

                

            

                用口鏡壓住舌頭,檢查扁桃體是否對稱,是否增大、變紅或有異常突起。

            

                

                


                    


                


                    


                


                    


                


                    


                

                    

                        

                            口腔癌篩查小知識

                        

                            

                                

                            

                                

                        

                    

                

                


                    


                


                    除了以上的這些口腔癌自檢的方法,關於口腔癌篩查的小知識,你知道多少?


                


                    


                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    1

                            

                        

                        

                            應該至少一年做一次口腔癌篩查

                    

                

                


                    我們建議成年人至少一年做一次口腔癌篩查。這樣做,可以在早期發現癌症,幫助癌症患者康復,並防止病情加重。


                


                    


                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    2

                            

                        

                        

                            出現口腔疼痛且兩周未愈,那麼需要進行口腔癌篩查

                    

                

                


                    若患有口腔癌,身體可能發出以下危險信號:兩周未愈的口腔疼痛或者潰瘍;短期內體重迅速下降;聲音發生改變(嘶啞);有無法解釋的口腔出血現象。如果有上述癥狀之一,請立即預約檢查。


                


                    


                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    3

                            

                        

                        

                            口腔癌篩查為體檢項目之一

                    

                

                


                    建議成年人和孩子要每年做1-2次全面的牙齒檢查。在檢查過程中,醫生會分析是否可能存在健康隱患,包括齲齒、顳下頜關節紊亂、磨牙症、牙周疾病和癌症。


                


                    


                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    4

                            

                        

                        

                            早期治療可能將生存率提高到80%

                    

                

                


                    對於絕大多數疾病而言,治療應該在早期開始進行。一旦病症惡化,治癒的幾率就會減小。


                


                    


                


                    


                


                    


                


                    做好口腔癌自檢


                


                    細心留意每一個細節


                


                    可能會讓你避免一個大“災害”


            

        

    


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