We’ve all seen 3D animation in features, video games, advertisements, and television series. It is an art form that has its origins in experimentation during the 1960s but didn’t become mainstream until the 1995 classic Toy Story. Now, 3D animation is a ubiquitous and ever-expanding genre that is highly competitive to get into.

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Concept

The concept is the original idea or storyline of the piece. Companies such as Pixar will spend up to two years getting the script right before any sketches are even hand-drawn up. This has been the secret to their success as they work to perfect the story before starting production. Unlike live-action filmmaking, any changes to the narrative made during the animation process would blow the budget and throw the project into chaos.

Storyboarding

Once the script is finalized it is pre-visualized via a storyboard. Each scene is sketched out showing character action, shot selection, the sequence of action, and cinematic direction. It is an important blueprint that guides the production process.

3D Modeling

Modeling is the construction of objects and characters via mathematical representation of all its elements. Rudimentary compositions of primitive shapes such as cubes, spheres or planes are created using vertices (points in virtual space) to form a mesh. These points are mapped onto a 3D grid and rendered into 3-dimensional objects.

Texturing

Once the 3D object has been created it undergoes texturing, which is the outer layer finish of the object. This could include skin, clothing, or hair for a character; a metal finish for a car or machine; brickwork for a house or building; fur for an animal, etc. In a studio environment teams of texture, artists focus on this stage of the process.

Animation

Now that you have built your 3d character or object from scratch you can animate them through a sequence of movements or through a scene. This is where the full storyboard is animated to realize the script.

Rendering

Rendering, or image synthesis, is the process of generating the 3D animation via a graphics processing unit. This is done by inputting the render equation into the software which will output a complete animated sequence. During this process elements such as shading, texture mapping, shadows, reflection, translucency, depth of field, motion blur, etc can be formulated into the sequence.