The Tire Chuck is a mechanical device used to clamp a workpiece on a machine tool. A machine tool accessory for clamping and positioning the workpiece by using the radial movement of the movable jaws evenly distributed on the chuck body. The chuck is generally composed of a chuck body, a movable jaw and a jaw drive mechanism. The chuck body has a minimum diameter of 65 mm and a maximum of 1500 mm. There is a through hole in the center for passing workpieces or bars; the back has a cylindrical or short tapered structure, which is directly connected to the end of the machine tool spindle or through a flange. . The chuck is usually installed on lathes, cylindrical grinders and internal grinders, and can also be used with various indexing devices for milling and drilling machines.

1. Inspection and analysis

The detection methods often used for electrical faults of machine tools mainly include voltage method, resistance method, short circuit method, open circuit method, current method, and so on.
(1) Voltage method
The method of using the instrument to measure the voltage value of a certain point on the line to determine the range of machine tool electrical fault points or component faults is called voltage method or voltage measurement method.
(2) Resistance method
The method of determining the fault point by measuring the on-off of a certain point on the line or a certain component with an instrument is called the resistance method.
(3) Short circuit method
The method of short-circuiting two equipotential points on the machine tool with wires to determine the range of the fault point or the fault point is called the short-circuit method.
(4) Open road method
In repairing the machine tool circuit, sometimes in order to detect special needs, the circuit must be disconnected for inspection. This method is called the open circuit method.
(5) Current method
The method of determining the fault point by measuring whether the current passing through a certain line is normal is called the current method.

2. Maintenance steps
Machine tool electrical troubleshooting can generally be divided into the following steps:
(1) Preparation
Preparatory work includes preparing necessary tools, instruments, machine tool circuit diagrams and other materials, etc.
(2) Picture reading
For the machine tool to be overhauled, you must first understand the circuit schematic diagram.
(3) Through "one question, two look, three touch, four listen, five operations", find out the fault phenomenon and the situation before and after the fault occurs.
One question: Ask the operator of the machine tool to understand the situation before and after the failure; did the failure occur suddenly or frequently? What anomalies are there? What is wrong? and many more. Accurately grasp the initial first-hand information in this way, which is conducive to judging the location of the fault and quickly finding the fault point.
Second look: carefully observe the surface condition of the machine tool electrical appliances or wiring.
Three listens: start the machine tool, listen for abnormal sounds and closing sounds of motors, control transformers, contactors, relays, etc.
Four touches: After the machine tool has been running for a period of time, cut off the power supply and mold the casing or electromagnetic coil of the relevant electrical appliance by hand to check whether there is more than normal heating.
Five operations: from the start of the machine, perform one-by-one operation demonstrations on all functions of the machine tool, carefully observe the operation process in step-by-step operation, and find out the electrical faults of the machine tool, so as to quickly and accurately determine the electrical fault range of the machine tool. .
(4) Analyze the approximate range of the fault based on the fault phenomenon and the circuit diagram
After the above process of "asking, watching, listening, touching and operating" has basically figured out the fault phenomenon, then you can analyze the approximate range of the fault in combination with the circuit diagram, and then use the corresponding detection method to find the fault point.
(5) Replace components
After the fault point is found, the components need to be replaced.

3. Preparation
1) Technical data preparation
Technical data is a guide for debugging and maintenance work. It plays a vital role in debugging and maintenance work. With the help of technical data, the efficiency of debugging and maintenance work can be greatly improved. Commonly used technical data are:
①Summary table of equipment control requirements;
②Equipment electrical and PLC control schematic diagram;
③Equipment electrical and PLC wiring diagram;
④ Layout drawing of equipment electrical components and PLC;
⑤PLC user manual, programming manual
⑥ Equipment PLC program list (preliminary draft);
⑦Instructions for PLC special function modules and special control devices (such as frequency converters, drives, etc.).
However, after the equipment arrives at the production site (user), the commissioning of the PLC control system may not be undertaken by the designer. Therefore, the commissioning personnel need to have an understanding and familiarization process of the equipment, the control requirements of the production site, and the system design philosophy. For this reason, the on-site commissioning personnel should add the following information on the basis of the above information:
①The operation manual of the equipment (including the control requirements and operation process of the equipment);
②Schematic diagram of the structure principle of the main components of the equipment;
③Diagram of equipment hydraulic, pneumatic and lubrication system;
④ The final PLC program list of the equipment, etc.
(2) Preparation of debugging and maintenance tools
Qualified debugging and maintenance tools are the basic conditions for PLC system debugging and maintenance. The main debugging and maintenance tools commonly used in PLC control systems are as follows:
1) Digital multimeter;
2) PLC programmer;
3) Oscilloscope

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