When the vane pump rotor rotates, the tip of the vane is tightly attached to the inner surface of the stator under the action of centrifugal force and pressure oil. In this way, the working volume formed by the two blades and the inner surfaces of the rotor and stator is first sucked from small to large and then drained from large to small. After the blades rotate for one revolution, the oil suction and draining are completed once.

1. Working principle of single-acting vane pump

The pump consists of rotor, stator, vane, oil distribution plate and end cover.

The inner surface of the stator is a cylindrical hole. There is eccentricity between rotor and stator. The blade can slide flexibly in the slot of the rotor. Under the action of centrifugal force when the rotor rotates and pressure oil introduced into the root of the blade, the top of the blade is tightly attached to the inner surface of the stator, so that sealed working chambers are formed between two adjacent blades, the oil distribution plate, the stator and the rotor.

This kind of pump absorbs oil pressure once during one revolution of the rotor, so it is called single-acting pump. The rotor is subjected to radial hydraulic unbalanced force, so it is also called unbalanced pump, and its bearing load is relatively large. The displacement of the pump can be changed by changing the eccentricity between the stator and the rotor, so the pumps are all variable displacement pumps.

2. Working principle of double-acting vane pump

Its working principle is similar to that of a single-acting vane pump, except that the stator surface consists of eight parts, namely two long radius arcs, two short radius arcs and four transition curves, and the stator and rotor are concentric.

The volume of the sealed working cavity gradually increases at the upper left corner and the lower right corner, which are oil absorption areas, and gradually decreases at the lower left corner and the upper right corner, which are oil compression areas. There is a sealed area between the suction area and the compression area to separate them.

This type of pump is called a double-acting vane pump because each sealed working chamber performs oil suction and pressure twice for each revolution of its rotor. The two suction areas and the two pressure areas of the pump are radially symmetrical, and the hydraulic pressure acting on the rotor is radially balanced, so it is also called balanced vane pump.

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